丝素蛋白制备技术及其应用研究进展OA

Silk fibroin,a natural macromolecular protein derived from silk,has garnered extensive attention in both academic and industrial sectors due to its excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability,mechanical properties,and biological activity.It represents an important functional material with broad application prospects.With the continuous development of the sericulture industry,realizing the high-value utilization of silk resources and promoting sustainable industrial development have become urgent issues.Traditional silk fibroin preparation methods often suffer from drawbacks such as severe molecular degradation,high energy consumption,environmental pollution,and low extraction efficiency,which limit large-scale application and high-value development.Therefore,exploring efficient,green,and scalable preparation technologies and expanding its application fields are of great practical significance for upgrading the sericulture industry and advancing related functional material sectors. This study employs a comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis to summarize recent research on silk fibroin preparation and applications.It focuses on analyzing the effects of different preparation processes on the molecular structure and properties of silk fibroin,compares the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies,and explores its application potential and development trends across different fields.Building on existing research,this work further identifies key technical aspects and innovation directions in silk fibroin preparation and application,and proposes future research priorities and industrial development prospects to ensure comprehensive,systematic,and scientific conclusions. The findings indicate that efficient preparation of silk fibroin requires synergistic optimization of degumming and dissolution processes.The degumming process determines sericin removal efficiency,while dissolution affects solubility and molecular integrity.Only through rational regulation of both processes can the molecular structure and properties of silk fibroin be tailored to meet diverse application needs.Novel green preparation technologies,such as deep eutectic solvent methods,offer advantages like low energy consumption,environmental friendliness,and minimal molecular damage,improving solubility while reducing environmental impact.Physically assisted extraction technologies,including ultrasound and microwave assistance,can accelerate dissolution rates,avoid molecular damage caused by traditional chemical methods,and enhance both quality and yield of silk fibroin. In terms of applications,silk fibroin demonstrates significant potential in biomedicine,including tissue engineering,controlled drug release,wound dressings,biosensors,and tumor therapy,owing to its favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability.Meanwhile,its use in textiles,food,and cosmetics is gradually expanding.In textiles,it improves fabric softness and comfort;in food,it serves as a functional additive to enhance nutritional value;in cosmetics,it offers moisturizing and skincare benefits.Furthermore,the integration of silk fibroin with 3D printing technology opens new possibilities for producing personalized tissue engineering scaffolds and functional materials,promoting innovation and interdisciplinary development. In conclusion,the high-value utilization of silk fibroin is crucial for the healthy development of the sericulture industry,enhancing the added value of silk resources and promoting sustainability across related industrial chains.To obtain high-performance silk fibroin,it is essential to develop novel preparation technologies emphasizing efficiency,low cost,and green production.The advancement of combined extraction technologies,particularly physical-assisted methods like ultrasound and microwave,should be further promoted to improve solubility and preserve quality.While current application research concentrates on biomedicine,there remains considerable potential for expansion into other fields.Future efforts should focus on greening and scaling up preparation technologies,reducing costs,promoting industrial application,broadening application scenarios,and leveraging the functional advantages of silk fibroin to foster high-quality development in the sericulture and functional materials industries.