奇楠沉香化学调控花果技术研究OA
Study on the Chemical Regulation Technology of Flowers and Fruits of Aquilaria sinensis'Qinan'
为解决奇楠沉香幼树早花多果严重影响营养生长的问题,以 3 年生的 4 号奇楠沉香无性系为研究对象,采用完全随机区组设计,通过叶面喷施 3%赤霉素(GA3)溶液等 7 种处理,测定有关生长性状和结实重量.结果表明,处理间无花营养枝率、青果重量、树高、冠幅和春梢长度差异均达极显著(p<0.01),地径差异显著(p<0.05);平均无花营养枝率为 75.07%、青果重量为 55.54 g/株,地径 4.65 cm、树高 2.24 m、冠幅 1.63 m、春梢长度 16.60 cm.叶面喷施不同浓度赤霉素混合液,对促进营养生长和抑制生殖生长均有明显效果,其中处理 A1～A4(3%赤霉素 600、300、200、150 倍与尿素 200 倍混合液,喷雾 2 次)为最优化配方,平均无花营养枝率、青果重量、地径、树高、冠幅和春梢长度,比 CK 分别提高 99.31%、-100.00%、19.71%、35.39%、36.61%、46.72%;效果较好的还有处理 A6(3%赤霉素 150 倍与尿素 200 倍混合液,喷雾一次),平均无花营养枝率、结实青果重量比 CK 提高 98.20%、-97.10%.虽然处理 A6 抑制开花结实效果略差于处理 A1～A4,植株出现少量开花结实,但是,少量花果不会影响植株的营养生长.因此,为了减少工作量和成本,生产上对奇楠沉香只需要喷施一次 3%赤霉素 150 倍与尿素 200 倍混合液,就能够收到良好效果.
To solve the problem that early and excessive flowering and fruiting of young Aquilaria sinensis'Qinan'trees seriously affect their vegetative growth,3-year-old clones of A.sinensis'Qinan'No.4 were used as test materials.A compl-etely randomized block design was adopted,and seven treatments,including foliar spraying of 3%gibberellin(GA3)solution,were applied to determine the relevant growth traits and fruit weight.The results showed that the differences in flowerless vegetative branch rate,green fruit weight,tree height,crown width,and spring shoot length among treatments were extremely significant(p<0.01),and the difference in ground diameter was significant(p<0.05).The average flowerless vegetative branch rate was 75.07%,the average green fruit weight was 55.54 g·plant-1,the average ground diameter was 4.65 cm,the average height was 2.24 m,the average crown width was 1.63 m,and the average spring shoot length was 16.60 cm.Foliar spraying of different concentrations of gibberellin mixtures had distinct effects on promoting vegetative growth and inhibiting reproduc-tive growth.Among them,treatments A1～A4(a mixture of 3%gibberellin which 600、300、200、150 times and urea diluted 200 times,spraying twice)were the optimal formulas.Compared with CK,the average flowerless vegetative branch rate,green fruit weight,ground diameter,tree height,crown width,and spring shoot length of these treatments increased by 99.31%,-100.00%,19.71%,35.39%,36.61%,and 46.72%,respectively.Treatment A6 also had a good effect;compared with CK,its av-erage flowerless vegetative branch rate increased by 98.20%,and its green fruit weight increased by-97.10%.Although the effect of treatment A6(A mixture of 3%gibberellin at 150 times dilution and urea at 200 times dilution,spray once)on inhibiting flow-ering and fruiting was slightly worse than that of treatments A1～A4,with a small amount of flowering and fruiting occurring on the plants,the small amount of flowers and fruits did not affect the vegetative growth of the plants.Therefore,to reduce workload and cost,it is recommended that in production,only one foliar spray of the mixture of 3%gibberellin diluted 150 times and urea diluted 200 times is needed for A.sinensis'Qinan'to achieve good results.
吴庆全
福建省平和天马国有林场 福建平和 363704
农业科技
奇楠沉香生长调节剂营养生长生殖生长控花控果
Aquilaria sinensis'Qinan'growth regulatorvegetative growthreproductive growthflower and fruit regulation
《热带农业科学》 2026 (4)
35-39,5
福建省林业科研项目(No.闽林文[2022]52号).
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