资本主义国际生态秩序的缘起、特征及中国应对OA

Since the late 14th century,the emergence,rise,and global expansion of capitalism have fostered a hierarchical order among nations in a series of practices related to the global ecosystem,including environmental exploitation,resource utilization,pollution control and ecological restoration.Within this order,developed capitalist countries occupy a favorable and privileged position,while the vast number of developing countries are relegated to a disadvantaged status marked by the loss of natural resources and severe ecological degradation.Such a hierarchical order can be termed the"capitalist international ecological order".The historical evolution of this order can be divided into three stages.Throughout this process,developed capitalist countries have plundered natural resources in other nations and regions,creating a series of ecological problems.Moreover,by refusing to shoulder their due international responsibilities for ecological governance,they have triggered a global ecological crisis.The capitalist international ecological order is characterized by several fundamental features,including profit-seeking,hegemony,complexity,anti-ecological nature,unsustainability,and dynamicity.For over a century,China has struggled against the capitalist international ecological order.This effort has not only protected its own environment but also positioned the nation as a key participant,contributor,and leader in global ecological civilization,offering vital support to other developing countries in their shared resistance against this order.