高铁站周边公交接驳薄弱区域识别和优化方法OACHSSCD

With the continuous enhancement of urban functions in high-speed railway(HSR)station areas,inadequate short-distance connectivity between stations and their surrounding neighborhoods,which is commonly referred to as the"last two kilometers dilemma",has become increasingly prominent.Under the growing trend toward transit-oriented feeder systems for HSR,public transport plays a critical role in addressing this issue.However,existing studies have predominantly focused on intra-station transfer efficiency or long-distance connections between stations and central urban areas,with insufficient attention to the short-distance and medium-distance feeder connections with adjacent areas.Moreover,current approaches lack robust methods that integrate the real travel demand with full-process multimodal travel paths,limiting their applicability to the optimization of existing station areas.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop a data-driven analytical framework to accurately identify weak transit feeder areas around HSR stations. A four-step analytical framework was developed,including(1)identification of demand area,(2)evaluation of transit convenience,(3)identification of areas requiring improvement,and(4)formulation of optimization strategy.Based on Points of Interest(POI),Location-Based Service(LBS)data,and route planning data from digital map platforms,a case study of the framework in the area within a 3 km radius of Shanghai Hongqiao HSR Station was carried out using 150 m grid cells as the basic spatial units.First,dominant functional attributes of each grid were identified by weighting POI data with daytime and nighttime population density,and weekday arrival and departure travel demand distributions were derived from origin-destination(OD)data.Second,a 10-minute walking threshold was defined.The travel time for transit and private automobiles in the areas beyond the threshold was obtained via map APIs to calculate the"transit-to-automobile travel time ratio(TAR)".Subsequently,a coupling analysis of the real feeder demand and transit convenience was conducted to identify critical areas characterized by high demand and low convenience.Finally,targeted improvement strategies were proposed based on functional characteristics and feeder path attributes. Six areas requiring improvement were identified within the Hongqiao HSR station area,primarily distributed on both sides of the 2 km ring.Based on the feeder path characteristics,these areas were categorized into three types:(1)walking-constrained type,located beyond the acceptable walking threshold and lacking direct transit services;(2)circuitous routing type,where direct transit services exist but exhibit high route circuity and low efficiency;and(3)weak metro feeder type,where feeder paths involve metro services but still require relatively long walking distances between origins/destinations and metro stations.Considering the dominant land-use functions(e.g.,business and commercial services)and travel demand characteristics,differentiated optimization strategies were proposed,including enhancement of pedestrian networks,introduction of micro-circulation bus services,optimization of shared bicycle deployment,and provision of short-distance shuttle services. The"last two kilometers dilemma"primarily stems from insufficient coordination between HSR station access-egress functions and surrounding urban development in the allocation of high-capacity transit resources during the planning stage.This is reflected in the concentration of rail transit facilities within station core areas,while surrounding developments lack adequate rail support.As a result,a significant share of commuting and business trips bound for nearby commercial districts are forced to transfer at the metro stations serving the HSR terminal,thereby intensifying feeder pressure.To address this issue,a dual approach is required.For existing station areas,the proposed framework can realize the precise identification of weak feeder areas and support the formulation of differentiated improvement strategies.For newly planned station areas,high-capacity transit provision should shift from a"single-pole concentration"pattern toward a more"regionally coordinated structure",thereby facilitating the transformation of HSR station areas from"transfer hubs"into integrated"urban destinations".