基于虚拟现实的古典园林声景设计策略有效性及差异性评价OACHSSCD

Soundscapes play a vital role in shaping the cultural experiences and environmental quality of Chinese classical gardens.However,empirical evaluations of specific design strategies remain limited.This study examined the perceptual differences elicited by various sound elements across specific spatial nodes in classical gardens and evaluated the alignment between soundscape design intentions and actual perceptions of users.The aim of this study was to advance soundscape research from experience-based strategies to quantifiable effect verification,thereby providing evidence-based insights for the refined design of acoustic environments in classical gardens.Moreover,an empirical evaluation framework based on virtual reality(VR)was applied to Fangta Garden in Changshu.First,the current sound pressure levels and sound source distribution characteristics across four tour routes and multiple key spatial nodes were analyzed through on-site soundwalk measurements and sound level meter recordings.Moreover,existing issues,such as inadequate exploration of cultural soundscape resources and an imbalanced spatial soundscape structure,were identified.Second,six typical contextual nodes were selected by combining their spatial attributes.The soundscape design of control variables was carried out by enhancing natural sounds and embedding artificial cultural sounds.Finally,immersive VR audiovisual experimental scenes were constructed.A semantic differential scale was employed to collect subjective evaluation data from participants before and after the implementation of various soundscape intervention strategies,and the variations across different perceptual dimensions were compared through a principal component analysis(PCA).The data comparison verified the specific effects of different sound source intervention strategies.First,the embedding of cultural sounds significantly enhanced the sense of place identity and the historical-cultural atmosphere.Notably,the introduction of Pingtan sound resulted in a mean identity score of M=4.2,which was significantly greater than that of the original scene control group(M=3.1),p＜0.01.The effect of Pingtan sound was increased the most in all cultural sound samples.Second,natural sounds demonstrated outstanding performance in improving the perceived spatial hierarchy and the harmony of the acoustic environment.The introduction of rustling leaves effectively enriched the perceived spatial layers,while the masking effect of fountain sounds substantially improved the overall harmony of noise-disrupted nodes and elevated environmental preference.Third,harmony,place identity,and revisit intention across all tested nodes exhibited significant upward trends after the comprehensive optimization of soundscape elements.Furthermore,PCA revealed that cultural sounds were strongly associated with socio-cultural evaluation dimensions,such as emotional attachment and place identity,whereas natural sounds were highly correlated with the restorative(relaxation-tension)dimension(r=0.78).The systematic implementation of design strategies involving natural sound enhancement and cultural sound embedding can effectively mask negative noise interference,stimulate the historical memory of the site,and significantly elevate the overall acoustic experience.The evidence-based closed-loop framework of"design-evaluation-optimization"for classical garden soundscapes,which was built using VR technology,verifies the feasibility of soundscape interventions for the renewal of historical and cultural landscapes,providing robust quantitative data support for the creation of modern garden soundscapes.