杭州西湖名泉的自然禀赋与人文层积的景观特质研究OACHSSCD

As a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site and a classic example of Chinese landscape aesthetics,the cultural landscape of West Lake in Hangzhou gains its core value from the organic integration of its mountain water structure and cultural stratification over thousands of years.The famous springs in the hills around West Lake,including Hupao Spring,Longjing Spring,and Lengquan,are vivid carriers of this continuous interaction.However,there remains a lack of systematic and diachronic research on their natural endowments and cultural stratification.This study establishes a two-dimensional analytical framework of"Natural Manifestations-Cultural Stratification"to systematically explore the dynamic natural rhythms and phased cultural stratification of famous spring landscapes in the West Lake,reveal their mutual construction mechanism,and provide historical evidence and theoretical references for the living inheritance and sustainable utilization of their cultural connotations. In this study,the famous springs(both extant and extinct)in the mountains of the West Lake Scenic Area from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty were investigated.First,a total of 33 famous springs were identified from historical documents like The Collection of West Lake Literature.The geological origins and spatial distribution characteristics of these 33 famous springs were analyzed.Second,a two-dimensional framework composed of"Natural Manifestations-Cultural Stratification"was built:on the natural dimension,the dynamic rhythms of famous springs in different seasons,at day and night,and under different weather conditions,were analyzed from the perspectives of water quality,flow volume,spring sound,and light shadow using NVivo coding analysis and word frequency statistics.On the cultural dimension,the stratification process of the cultural significance of these famous springs was divided into three phases through literature review and text analysis,namely,before the Sui Dynasty,during the Tang and Song Dynasties,as well as during the Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties.The core driving force and landscape characteristics in different stages were identified.Finally,the interactive relationship between natural manifestations and cultural stratification was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that:(1)The natural manifestations of famous springs in West Lake presented remarkable dynamic rhythms.Water quality was defined by clarity,sweetness,coldness,and moistness,with"fragrance"as the dominant olfactory sense and"sweetness"as the key taste.The volume was stable yet fluctuated seasonally,with spring and autumn being the peak seasons for sightseeing.Spring sound shifted seasonally,being gentle in spring,vigorous in summer,clear in autumn,and quiet in winter,and was strongly affected by day-night alternation and weather changes.Light and shadow varied with solar angle and intensity,showing distinct features in the morning,at noon,and at dusk,and forming dynamic visual effects with surrounding vegetation projections.Together,these four factors form a linked sensory system,serving as the material foundation for the"living"quality of the famous springs.(2)Cultural stratification showed specific characteristics during the three phases:before the Sui Dynasty,the springs completed a preliminary transformation from natural water bodies into"sacred relics"centered on mythical legends and rain-praying rituals.During the Tang and Song dynasties,literati activities such as poem inscriptions and elegant gatherings turned springs into spaces for scholarly appreciation,with springs and rocks becoming symbols of a reclusive spirit.In the Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties,driven by imperial appreciation,local chronicle compilation,and the integration of spring and tea culture,famous springs evolved from elite leisure sites into public recreational spaces for civic activities.(3)A persistent interactive relationship was found between natural manifestations and cultural stratification:natural manifestations were the starting point and reference for cultural interpretation,while human practices in turn strengthened and reshaped the perception,understanding,and conservation of natural characteristics.Essentially,the famous spring landscape in West Lake is a dynamic cultural process shaped by the continuous interaction between natural endowments and human activities.These findings provide a historical premise and theoretical basis for effective protection and living inheritance and offer an improved understanding of the famous spring landscape in West Lake.