基于黄河流域的森林生态系统服务时空变化特征及驱动关系OA

[Objective]To explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and driving mechanisms of forest ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin,and to reveal the impacts of natural,ecological and socioeconomic factors on soil con-servation and water yield,so as to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and water resource management in the basin.[Methods]Based on three periods of remote sensing images of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020,this paper identifies the forest distribution in the study area by using the repeat class method based on land use type classification,and uses the InVEST model to evaluate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of two types of ecosystem services:soil conservation(SC)and water yield(WY).At the same time,combined with the analysis of the geographic detector,the key driving factors and their mechanisms of action affecting forest ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin are revealed.[Results](1)From 2000 to 2020,forests in the Yellow River Basin were mainly concentrated in the south and central parts,with less cover in the north.The overall forest area showed a trend of first declining and then rebounding:from 2000 to 2010,the forest area declined overall,with the most significant decrease in the south;from 2010 to 2020,it rebounded overall,with the largest increase in the south,followed by the central region,and the relatively smaller increase in the north,indicating significant spatial differences in forest restoration.(2)Soil retention decreased from about 84.87 billion tons in 2000 to about 42.52 billion tons in 2010,a decrease of about 42.35 billion tons,and then rebounded to about 106 bil-lion tons in 2020,an overall increase of about 21.14 billion tons over 20 years.Water production decreased from about 54.99 million tons in 2000 to about 26.46 million tons in 2010,and then rebounded to about 56.29 million tons in 2020,an overall slight increase of about 1.3 million tons over 20 years.Both showed a"V-shaped"trend,with the values decreasing from southwest to northeast,and the low-value areas in the north being obvious.(3)Soil retention is mainly driven by pre-cipitation and evaporation,while water yield is mainly driven by evaporation and precipitation.From 2000 to 2020,the contributions of vegetation cover(NDVI)and sunshine to both increased significantly,while the impact of population density and GDP on soil retention and water yield remained insignificant.[Conclusion]The forest ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin are characterized by natural factors dominating,improved ecological conditions,and limited socio-economic im-pacts.Forest restoration and ecosystem service function enhancement are most significant in the southern region,providing a scientific reference for ecological protection and water resource management in the basin.