人工湿地在污水净化与碳减排中的作用机制与应用进展OA

[Objective]This paper summarizes the research progress of constructed wetlands in water purification and carbon emission reduction.It systematically analyzes the components,characteristics,application fields,and carbon emission characteristics,aiming to clarify their role in achieving the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation,and to provide a scientific basis for the technology promotion and optimization of constructed wetland technologies.[Methods]Recent studies on substrates,vegetation,and microbial communities in constructed wetlands are reviewed.The effectiveness of their engineering applications in purifying various types of water bodies,such as effluents from wastewater treatment plants,rural demestic wastewater and aquaculture tailwater,has been synthesized.A key focus is placed on analyzing the mechanisms of carbon missions and reduction in constructed wetlands.The potential of integrating machine learning for process modeling and intelligent control is also explored.[Results]Constructed wetlands demonstrate stable and adaptable pollutant removal performance,with high removal efficiencies for organics,nitrogen,phosphorus,and certain heavy metals.They also exhibit carbon sink functions by absorbing carbon dioxide(CO2)and suppressing the emissions of nitrous oxide(N2O)and methane(CH4).Studies indicate that optimizing substrates,plant species,and operational parameters can significantly enhance both pollutant removal and carbon mitigation performance.[Conclusion]Constructed wetlands are a sustainable technology that integrates water purification,ecological restoration,and carbon reduction.Future research should further expand application scenarios and incorporate advanced technologies such as machine learning and big data to achieve precision design and intelligent operation,thereby providing robust support for ecological environmental protection and the coordinated goal of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation synergy.