针灸调控肠道菌群-脑-免疫轴治疗自身免疫性疾病的抗炎机制OA

Autoimmune diseases(AIDs)are chronic and persistent self-attacking disorders resulting from aberrant activation of the im-mune system and excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines.Their onset and progression are closely linked to dysregulation of the gut microbiota and the neuroendocrine-immune network.Acupuncture and moxibustion as a core TCM therapeutic approach,exerts promi-nent anti-inflammatory effects in autoimmune disease management.However,its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated.This article systematically reviews the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in AIDs from the perspective of the gut microbiota-brain-immune axis.The related research has indicated that acupuncture and moxibustion can modulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines by altering gut microbiota abundance.Additionally,it exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),thereby inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway activation and promoting regu-latory T cell(Treg)differentiation.Despite significant progress in current research,several issues remain,including a lack of standardi-zation in acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation parameters,incomplete elucidation of neurotransmitter signaling pathways,and the need for further investigation into gene expression and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms.Therefore,future high-quality research is nee-ded to validate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion as an anti-inflammatory intervention,thereby providing a more comprehensive scientific and clinical basis for its application in AIDs.