不同施肥模式对晚熟马铃薯养分累积与产量及品质的影响OA
Effects of Different Fertilization Patterns on Nutrient Accumulation,Yield and Quality of Late-maturing Potato
[目的]探明不同施肥模式对晚熟马铃薯养分累积与产量及品质的影响,为马铃薯精准施肥技术的优化与田间应用提供参考.[方法]以晚熟马铃薯品种青薯 9号为试材,采用随机区组试验设计,研究不施肥(T1)、单施农家肥(T2)、有机肥-农家肥配施(T3)、复合肥-农家肥配施(T4)和有机肥-复合肥-农家肥配施(T5)5种模式下马铃薯植株干物质累积、养分吸收与分配,以及块茎产量与品质变化特征.[结果]与 T1 相比,不同施肥模式均可提高马铃薯干物质量,块茎膨大期和成熟期全株干物质总量均以 T5 最高,分别较 T1 提高 34.5％和 49.2％.其中,膨大期干物质量以叶最高,成熟期以块茎最高.马铃薯生长前期氮(N)、磷(P)含量均以叶最高,钾(K)含量以茎最高;生长后期各部位的 N、P、K含量显著降低.施肥均可促进马铃薯对养分的吸收累积,膨大期和成熟期全株 N、P、K累积总量均以 T5 最高,其中,膨大期分别较T1 提高 50.7％、55.0％和 91.5％,成熟期分别较 T1 提高 57.6％、27.9％和 68.6％.马铃薯产量以 T5 最高,分别较T1 和 T2 增产 42.2％和 38.9％;干物率以 T5 最高,较 T1 显著增加 10.3％;淀粉含量各处理间无显著差异;总糖以T2 最高,与 T5 无显著差异,但较 T1 显著增加 19.9％;粗纤维含量则以 T5 最低.相关性分析表明,马铃薯干物质量、养分累积量与产量相关性较强,与品质相关性较弱;块茎干物率与淀粉含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),总糖含量与根干物质量和 N累积量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),粗纤维含量与全株干物质总量、养分累积量及其他品质指标间相关性不明显.[结论]马铃薯叶为 N、P的主要储存器官,茎为 K的主要储存器官.施肥处理均可不同程度地增加马铃薯干物质量,促进养分累积,有效提升块茎产量,并改善营养品质,其中,以T5(复合肥50 kg/667m2、有机肥50 kg/667m2、农家肥1 000 kg/667m2)效果最佳.
[Objective]The effects of different fertilization patterns on nutrient accumulation,yield and quality of late-maturing potato were investigated to provide a reference for optimization and application of the precise fertilization technique in potato cultivation.[Method]Taking the late-maturing potato variety Qingshu No.9 as the test material,the change features in dry matter accumulation,nutrient absorption and allocation,and yield and quality of potato tubers under 5 treatments of no fertilization(T1),farmyard manure(T2),organic fertilizer+farmyard manure(T3),compound fertilizer+farmyard manure(T4)and organic fertilizer+compound fertilizer+farmyard manure(T5)were compared by a randomized block experimental design.[Result]Different fertilization patterns all could improve dry matter quantity of potato compared with T1.Total dry matter quantity of the whole plant at tuber expansion and maturity stage of T5 treatment was the highest,increased by 34.5％and 49.2％compared with T1 treatment,respectively.The leaf dry matter quantity of T5 treatment reached the highest at tuber expansion stage and the tuber dry matter quantity of T5 treatment reached the highest at maturity stage.The highest nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)content was in leaves of potato and the highest potassium(K)content was in stems of potato at early growth stage.The N,P and K content in various parts of potato decreased at late growth stage significantly.Different fertilization patterns all could promote nutrient absorption and accumulation of potato.The N,P and K accumulation quantity in the whole plant of T5 treatment was the highest at tuber expansion and maturity stages,and increased by 50.7％,55.0％and 91.5％,and 57.6％,27.9％and 68.6％compared with T1 treatment respectively.The potato yield of T5 treatment was the highest and increased by 42.2％and 38.9％compared with T1 and T2 treatments,respectively.The dry matter rate of T5 treatment was the highest and increased by 10.3％compared with T1 treatment.There was no significant difference in starch content among different treatments.Total sugar content of T2 treatment was the highest and no significant difference compared with T5 treatment,but increased by 19.9％compared with T1 treatment.The crude fiber content of T5 treatment was the lowest.The correlation analysis showed that the dry matter quantity and nutrient accumulation were strongly related to potato yield,but weakly related to potato quality.The dry matter rate of potato tubers was positively related to starch content very significantly(P<0.01).Total sugar content was positively related to dry matter quantity and N accumulation in roots very significantly(P<0.01).The correlations between crude fiber content and total dry matter,nutrient accumulation and other quality indexes of the whole plant were not obvious.[Conclusion]The leaf of potato is the main storage organ of N and P,while the stem is the main storage organ of K.The fertilization treatments all can increase dry matter quantity of potato tubers to varying degrees,promote nutrient accumulation,effectively enhance tuber yield,and improve nutrient quality of potato tubers.The 50 kg/667m2 of organic fertilizer+50 kg/667m2 of compound fertilizer+1 000 kg/667m2 of farmyard manure fertilization pattern has the best effects on nutrient accumulation,yield and quality of potato.
尹旺;邓仁菊;陈明俊;罗小波;李飞;李标;曹贞菊
贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006||贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006||农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006||贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006||农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006||贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006||农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006||贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006||农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省园艺研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006||贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006||农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006||贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006||农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550006
农业科技
马铃薯施肥模式干物质累积养分累积产量品质
potatofertilization patterndry matter accumulationnutrient accumulationyieldquality
《贵州农业科学》 2026 (5)
62-72,11
贵州省农业科学院科技创新项目(黔农科科技创新[2023]04号)国家马铃薯产业技术体系贵阳综合试验站(CARS-09-ES24)
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