金属射流冲击传爆用聚能罩结构和稳定传爆距离仿真计算研究OA
Simulation and Calculation Study on Shaped Charge Liner Structure for Metal Jet Impact Detonation Propagation and Stable Detonation Propagation Distance
切顶卸压沿空留巷技术在煤矿开采中广泛应用,其预裂爆破采用分段空气间隔装药结构,每段药柱需配备单独雷管起爆,存在单孔雷管用量大、成本高、操作复杂及安全风险突出等问题.为解决此瓶颈,提出将金属聚能射流冲击传爆技术应用于复合顶板预裂爆破.通过 LS-DYNA 系统开展了药型罩结构优化、金属射流冲击传爆影响因素分析以及稳定传爆距离研究.结果表明:铝制药型罩的综合性能最优,当锥角为 60°、壁厚为 1 mm 时,可形成速度高、长度长且连续性良好的聚能射流;铜制药型罩因强度高、压垮能量阈值大,在低威力装药条件下难以形成有效射流;铅制药型罩虽易驱动,但射流稳定性差、易断裂;当装药长径比大于 3 时,有效装药量达到饱和,新增装药的能量多通过径向膨胀和热耗散损失,射流的最高速度和稳定速度均趋于稳定;在空气自由场中,锥角为 60°、壁厚为 1 mm 的铝制药型罩射流的冲击传爆可靠距离上限为 90 cm,超过此距离,射流拉伸衰减导致压力不足,无法起爆乳化炸药;钢管等密闭约束可显著抑制爆轰产物的径向膨胀,提升能量利用率,进而延长药型罩金属射流冲击传爆距离.
Gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting and pressure relief is widely employed in coal mining.However,the multi-segment air-decked charge structure used in its pre-splitting blasting requires a separate detonator for each charge segment,leading to problems such as high detonator consumption per borehole,elevated costs,operational complexity,and significant safety risks.To address this engineering challenge,the application of shaped metal jet impact-induced initiation technology in composite roof pre-splitting blasting has been proposed.Using LS-DYNA numerical simulation,a systematic investigation was conducted on liner structure optimization,factors affecting metal jet impact initiation,and the stable initiation distance.The findings demonstrate that the aluminum liner exhibits the optimal overall performance.With a cone angle of 60° and a wall thickness of 1 mm,it generates a shaped jet with high velocity,considerable length,and good continuity.In contrast,the copper liner,due to its high strength and high collapse energy threshold,fails to form an effective jet under low-power explosive charge conditions.Although the lead liner is readily accelerated,it produces jets with poor stability that are susceptible to necking and fragmentation.When the charge length-to-diameter ratio exceeds 3,the effective charge mass reaches saturation.Additional explosive energy is primarily dissipated through radial expansion and heat loss,resulting in the stabilization of both the maximum jet velocity and stable jet velocity.In an unconfined air environment,the maximum reliable initiation distance for a shaped jet from an aluminum liner(1 mm wall thickness,60° cone angle)is 90 cm.Beyond this distance,jet stretching and attenuation lead to insufficient pressure to initiate the emulsion explosive.Confinement provided by steel pipes can significantly suppress the radial expansion of detonation products,enhancing energy utilization efficiency and consequently extending the initiation distance of the metal jet.
王馨悦;王晨龙;李志强
太原理工大学航空航天学院,山西 太原 030024太原理工大学航空航天学院,山西 太原 030024||太原理工大学材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室,山西 太原 030024||太原理工大学山西省力学基础学科研究中心,山西 太原 030024||太原理工大学力学国家级实验教学示范中心,山西 太原 030024太原理工大学航空航天学院,山西 太原 030024||太原理工大学材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室,山西 太原 030024||太原理工大学山西省力学基础学科研究中心,山西 太原 030024||太原理工大学力学国家级实验教学示范中心,山西 太原 030024
数理科学
金属射流冲击传爆药型罩结构分段装药稳定传爆乳化炸药
metal jetimpact initiationliner structuredecked chargestable initiationemulsion explosive
《高压物理学报》 2026 (6)
88-100,13
国家自然科学基金(11972244)
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