全生物降解地膜在陇东旱塬区玉米种植中的应用效果评价OA
Evaluation of the Application Effect of Fully Biodegradable Mulching Film in Dryland Maize Cultivation in the Longdong Dry Plateau Region
探究了全生物降解地膜在陇东旱塬区的适应性及对玉米生长、土壤性状与产量的影响,为全生物降解地膜在陇东旱塬及类似生态区应用提供科学数据支撑.采用随机区组设计,设常规聚乙烯地膜覆盖和全生物降解地膜覆盖2种覆盖种植方式,以露地种植为对照,分析全生物降解地膜与普通聚乙烯地膜的覆盖效应.结果表明,2种地膜覆盖条件下生育期无显著差异,均可显著促进玉米早出苗和早成熟,生育期较露地种植缩短14～15 d.与露地种植相比,常规聚乙烯地膜覆盖、全生物降解地膜覆盖分别显著提高土壤温度0.8、0.6℃,覆膜后土壤含水量分别显著提高111.8%、108.1%,收获时分别显著提高8.2%、6.2%.常规聚乙烯地膜覆盖在收获时土壤容重较覆膜前增加0.023 g/cm3,而全生物降解地膜覆盖容重降低0.032 g/cm3,显著改善了土壤疏松度.全生物降解地膜较露地种植显著增产17.8%,与普通聚乙烯地膜产量无显著差异.同时,全生物降解地膜在玉米收获后展现出良好的田间降解性能,收获时裂缝裸露面积达到32%,收获后40 d裂缝裸露面积高达85%.因此,全生物降解地膜在保持良好增产与水热效果的同时,可有效缓解土壤板结与残膜污染问题,适宜在陇东旱塬区及类似生态区应用.
The adaptability of fully biodegradable mulch film in the Longdong dry plateau region and its effects on maize growth,soil property,and yield were investigated to provide scientific data support for the application of fully biodegradable mulch film in the Longdong dry plateau and similar ecological region.A randomized block design was adopted with 2 mulching cultivation patterns,namely conventional polyethylene mulching film covering and fully biodegradable mulching film covering,while open-field cultivation without mulching was used as the control,to comparatively analyze the covering effects of fully biodegradable mulching film and conventional polyethylene mulching film.Results showed that no significant difference in growth period was observed be-tween the 2 mulching treatments,both mulching film coverings significantly promoted early emergence and early maturity of maize,shortening the growth period by 14 to 15 days compared with open-field cultivation.Compared with open-field cultivation,convention-al polyethylene mulching film covering and fully biodegradable mulching film covering significantly increased soil temperature by 0.8 and 0.6℃,respectively.Soil moisture content after mulching significantly increased by 111.8%and 108.1%,respectively,and at har-vest increased by 8.2%and 6.2%,respectively.Under conventional polyethylene mulching film covering,soil bulk density at harvest increased by 0.023 g/cm3 compared with that before mulching,whereas under fully biodegradable mulching film covering,soil bulk density decreased by 0.032 g/cm3,significantly improving soil looseness.Compared with open-field cultivation,fully biodegradable mulching film significantly increased maize yield by 17.8%,with no significant difference from conventional polyethylene mulching film treatment.Meanwhile,fully biodegradable mulching film demonstrated excellent field degradation performance after maize har-vest,with the area of exposed cracks reaching 32%at harvest and as high as 85%40 days after harvest.Therefore,while maintaining favorable yield enhancement and hydrothermal regulation effects,fully biodegradable mulching film can effectively alleviate soil com-paction and residual film pollution,and is suitable for application in the Longdong dry plateau region and similar ecological region.
孙叶;张晓莹;蒋会萍;魏江文;郑秋月;秦学刚;姚小凤
灵台县农业技术推广中心,甘肃 灵台 744400甘肃景斐新材料科技有限公司,甘肃 平凉 744000甘肃景斐新材料科技有限公司,甘肃 平凉 744000平凉市农业科学院,甘肃 平凉 744000平凉市种子管理站,甘肃 平凉 744000甘肃景斐新材料科技有限公司,甘肃 平凉 744000灵台县农业技术推广中心,甘肃 灵台 744400
农业科技
全生物降解地膜玉米陇东旱塬区土壤温度土壤容重降解性能
Fully biodegradable mulching filmMaizeLongdongdry plateau regionSoil temperatureSoil bulk densityDeg-radation performance
《寒旱农业科学》 2026 (5)
446-450,5
甘肃省科技厅技术创新专项(24CKJL001)甘肃省科技厅重点研发计划(25YFNL001)国家重点研发计划子课题(2024YFD230020204)平凉市科技计划(PL-STK-2024A-027).
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