福建省凡纳滨对虾养殖现状、技术创新与发展策略OA
Current status,technological innovation and development strategies in Litopenaeus vannamei farming in Fujian Province
[背景]凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是中国对虾养殖主要的品种,其肉质鲜美,生长快,抗病强,效益好,逐渐成为渔民增收致富的重要支柱产业.[目的]探究福建省凡纳滨对虾养殖现状和技术创新,促进其产业的高质量发展.[方法]根据 2014 年—2024 年福建省对虾产业相关数据,结合问卷调查和实地调查等方式,系统分析福建省凡纳滨对虾苗种生产、养殖模式、养殖产量、技术措施、风险和发展策略.[结果]漳浦前亭镇是福建省凡纳滨对虾苗种重要的生产地和集散地,2024 年全省凡纳滨对虾苗产量为753.73 亿尾,占全国凡纳滨对虾苗产量的 6.62%.福建省凡纳滨对虾养殖模式多样,养殖产量逐年上升,2024 年福建省凡纳滨对虾养殖总产量为 26.14×107 kg,占全国凡纳滨对虾养殖产量的 11.01%,排名第四;海水养殖单位面积年产量为 14.14×103 kg/hm2,较 2014 年的7.89×103 kg/hm2 提高了 79.22%.近年来,凡纳滨对虾养殖技术不断创新,形成养殖规模大且效益显著的"白+黑"生态轮养、池塘工程化养殖和池塘连续多茬养殖等特色养殖方式.创新采用水质实时监控+生态调水+智能投饵综合技术,实现养殖管理的智能化和生态化,促进凡纳滨对虾养殖高质量发展.[展望]福建省对虾种业创新、技术赋能、人才培养与政策引导为凡纳滨对虾养殖实践创新注入新活力,有效推动了对虾产业的绿色发展.
[Background]Litopenaeus vannamei is the main variety of shrimp aquaculture in China,with deli-cious meat,fast growth,strong disease resistance and good benefits.It has gradually become an important pillar industry for fishermen to increase their income and become prosperous.[Purpose]The current situation and technological innovation of shrimp farming were explored to promote the high-quality development of L.van-namei shrimp industry in Fujian.[Methods]The seeding production,breeding modes,breeding yield,technic-al measures,risk analysis and development strategies of L.vannamei in Fujian were systematically analyzed us-ing the relevant data of Fujian shrimp industry from 2014 to 2024,which were combined with questionnaire sur-veys and field investigations.[Results]The crucial production and distribution hub for L.vannamei shrimp fry is in Qianting Town,Zhangpu County of Fujian Province.In 2024,the total shrimp fry output of L.vannamei in Fujian Province reached 75.373 billion individuals,accounting for 6.62%of the national total.Fujian Province was the main production area of L.vannamei in China.The shrimp farming modes were diverse and complete,with obvious distribution areas.The structure and facility configuration of shrimp ponds had been constantly optimized,and the farming output has been gradually increasing.In 2024,the yield per unit area of L.vannamei in Fujian's marine aquaculture was 14.14×103 kg/hm2,and there was an increase of 79.22%compared to 7.89×103 kg/hm2 in 2014.The farming output of L.vannamei was 26.14×107 kg,accounting for 11.01%of the national total farming output of L.vannamei,and ranking fourth in China in 2024.In recent years,the cultivation technology of L.vannamei has been continuously innovated,forming characteristic cultivation method of large-scale and significantly profitable methods,such as the"white+black"rotation ecological mode,pond engineer-ing aquaculture and shrimp continuous multi aquaculture in ponds.By adopting real-time water quality monitor-ing,ecological water regulation and intelligent feeding,shrimp farming management has been realized as intelli-gent and ecological,and has been promoting the high-quality development of L.vannamei.[Prospect]With the seed industry innovation,technological empowerment,talent cultivation and policy guidance,new vitality will be injected into the practical innovation of L.vannamei farming,thereby promoting the green development of the shrimp industry in Fujian Province.
黄永春;林楠;李国勇;韩智雄;刘智武;康自强;李金鑫
集美大学水产学院,福建 厦门 361021福建省水产技术推广总站,福建 福州 350002福建闽业生物科技有限公司,福建 漳州 363000集美大学水产学院,福建 厦门 361021集美大学水产学院,福建 厦门 361021集美大学水产学院,福建 厦门 361021集美大学水产学院,福建 厦门 361021
农业科技
凡纳滨对虾养殖现状技术创新发展策略
Litopenaeus vannameicurrent situationtechnological innovationdevelopment strategy
《渔业研究》 2026 (3)
427-436,10
福建省科技项目(2023N5007)福建省科技特派员候补项目(2021S2001)
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