河豚毒素的提取纯化及医学药理活性研究进展OA

[Background]Tetrodotoxin(TTX)is a natural weak alkaline toxin with a unique structure and strong toxicity.It causes nerve palsy and produces a strong central analgesic effect by specifically blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.Because of its significant pharmacological value,it has become a hot spot in natural product research.Although its potential is huge,its practical application is still restricted by its complex preparation process and narrow safety window.[Objective]This paper aims to systematically clarify the rela-tionship among TTX extraction,purification,medical pharmacological activities and safety from the perspect-ive of translational medicine,and to provide a strategic reference for breaking through the bottleneck of TTX re-search in the field of fisheries.[Progress]In this paper,the key progress of TTX in extraction,purification and functional activity research is reviewed.TTX extraction has developed from the traditional constant temperat-ure water bath method to ultrasonic-assisted extraction,and purification technology has evolved from column chromatography and membrane separation to high-resolution high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS)and immunomagnetic bead systems,which has significantly improved the purity and recovery rate of TTX.Functional activity studies have shown that TTX has potential application value in anal-gesia,anti-arrhythmia,inhibition of tumor metastasis and local anesthesia by blocking sodium ion channels.In recent years,drug delivery systems such as liposomes and nanoparticles have been used for the encapsulation and controlled release of TTX,which can effectively reduce toxicity and prolong efficacy,providing a new idea for its safe medicinal use.[Conclusion]TTX has great medicinal potential,but the difficulty of extraction and purification makes it"difficult to produce",and the narrow safety window makes it"difficult to apply".In the future,it will be necessary to explore low-cost,industrialized extraction and purification processes,and to devel-op targeted drug delivery systems,so as to gradually realize the high-value application of TTX and the interdis-ciplinary combination of"fishery resources-clinical application".