青藏高原西部大气颗粒物污染特征及来源分析OA
Analysis of the Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in the Western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
研究青藏高原大气颗粒物污染特征及其来源,对青藏高原生态环境保护、气候变化影响评估及应对等领域具有重要的科学意义.本研究利用 2019年 7月第二次青藏科考在阿里的观测实验资料、阿里狮泉河国家气候站观测数据和全球数据同化系统(Global Data Assimilation System,GDAS1)数据,采用源解析正定矩阵因子分解模型、后向轨迹距聚类、浓度权重轨迹分析等手段,分析了夏季青藏高原西部地区大气颗粒物污染特征、源区分布以及贡献.研究发现,夏季青藏高原西部阿里地区的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)由沙尘、有机物、非粉尘水溶性无机离子、单质碳构成,贡献率分别为 48.7%、37.6%、12.7%、0.9%.沙尘中的金属单质与风速呈正相关.高钾浓度和高有机碳与单质碳比(OC/EC)表明高原西部生物质燃烧的影响远大于化石燃料燃烧的影响.通过正定矩阵因子分解模型解析表明,阿里地区主要有沙尘、二次生成、生物质燃烧、化石燃料燃烧等四种污染来源,它们对总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的贡献为 38%、28%、27%、7%.自然排放的沙尘和生物质燃烧产生的人为有机气溶胶是青藏高原西部颗粒物的主要组成部分.采用后向轨迹距聚类和浓度权重轨迹分析发现,青藏高原西部地区的外来污染物主要来自南亚地区的短距离输送,尤其是印度西北部地区对青藏高原西部影响尤为明显.总体来看,有机碳、单质碳、硫酸盐等人为排放气溶胶以及印度生物质燃烧对青藏高原西部颗粒物浓度有显著影响,而青藏高原西部的沙尘主要源于局地强风起沙,部分来自印度西北部的输送,少量来自青藏高原北侧塔克拉玛干沙漠.
The study of atmospheric particulate matter pollution characteristics and sources over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is of considerable scientific importance for ecological environmental protection and climate change impact assessment in this region.Using observational data from the Second Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program collected in Ali during July-August 2019,surface observations from the Shiquanhe National Climate Station,and meteorological fields from the Global Data Assimilation System(GDAS1),this study investigated the characteristics,source regions,and contributions of atmospheric particulate matter in the western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during summer.The source-resolved PMF(positive matrix factorization)model,backward trajectory cluster analysis,and CWT(concentration-weighted trajectory)analysis were employed.Results show that TSP(total suspended particulates)in the Ali region mainly consist of mineral dust(48.7%),organic matter(37.6%),nondust water-soluble inorganic ions(12.7%),and elemental carbon(0.9%).The concentrations of metal elements in sand and dust were positively correlated with wind speed.Elevated potassium concentrations and high organic carbon to elemental carbon ratios(OC/EC)suggest that biomass burning exerts a stronger influence than fossil fuel combustion in the western plateau.PMF results identified four main pollution sources:mineral dust(38%),secondary formation(28%),biomass burning(27%),and fossil fuel combustion(7%).Overall,natural dust emissions and anthropogenic organic aerosols from biomass burning are the dominant contributors to particulate matter in the western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Backward trajectory distance clustering and CWT analysis indicate that external pollutants are mainly transported over short distances from South Asia,with particularly significant influence from northwestern India.In particular,anthropogenic aerosols—including organic carbon,elemental carbon,sulfate,and biomass burning emissions—from India substantially affect particulate matter concentrations in the region.In contrast,local dust is primarily generated by strong surface winds,with additional contributions from northwestern India and minor influence from the Taklamakan Desert.
周新强;张镭;陈兵;罗涛;吴雪;王伟懿
云南大学地球科学学院大气科学系云南省高校低纬高原大气环境与边界层过程重点实验室,昆明 650500兰州大学大气科学学院,兰州 730000云南大学地球科学学院大气科学系云南省高校低纬高原大气环境与边界层过程重点实验室,昆明 650500中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所大气光学重点实验室,合肥 230031中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京 100029中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京 100029
天文与地球科学
青藏高原颗粒物分布特征源解析
Qinghai-Xizang PlateauParticulate matterDistribution characteristicsSource resolution
《大气科学》 2026 (2)
451-462,12
云南省基础研究重点项目202501AS070065,国家自然科学基金项目42175046、42065009,科技部第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究任务六专题2——粉尘气溶胶及其气候环境效应项目2019QZKK0602 Key Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(Grant 202501AS070065),National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42175046,42065009),The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition Conducted by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Task Six,Topic 2:Dust Aerosols and Their Climatic and Environmental Effects(Grant 2019QZKK0602)
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