加速栅小孔对变推力离子推力器性能影响的实验研究OA
Experimental study on effect of aperture of accelerator grid on performance of variable thrust ion thruster
离子推力器以其比冲高、寿命长的突出优势,在长寿命航天器的姿轨控任务中得到广泛应用.以实现大范围、高精度推力调节为目标,针对加速栅小孔对连续变推力模式离子推力器的性能影响开展了综合实验研究,分析加速栅小孔补偿设计的机理与影响因素,基于 10 cm口径连续变推力离子推力器,设计 2种加速栅小孔中心距补偿系数的栅极系统,在不同推力模式下研究加速栅小孔中心距补偿系数对推力器放电室内等离子体宽范围放电特性、电子反流极限电压与加速栅电流、离子束流分布特性及离子溅射刻蚀效应的影响作用关系.以此为基础,开展多时间尺度下变推力模式对加速栅溅射刻蚀的影响评价.结果表明:在总加速电压恒定的情况下,改变加速栅小孔中心距补偿系数可调节放电室的基本性能和束流离子的密度分布,且推力越小,补偿系数变化的影响权重越明显;加速栅小孔中心距补偿系数的变化不会明显改变栅极系统的电子返流极限电压,但会显著影响宽范围变推力工作点下束流离子对栅极系统的离子溅射刻蚀效应,对此可通过调整总加速电压予以改善.研究结果为变推力离子推力器栅极系统匹配性设计及高性能变推力控制策略优化提供了技术支撑.
Ion thrusters have been widely used in attitude and orbit control missions of long-duration spacecraft because of their outstanding advantages of high specific impulse and long life.A comprehensive experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of the accelerator grid compensation coefficient on the performance of the continuous variable thrust ion thruster to achieve a large range and high precision thrust regulation.The mechanism and influencing factors of accelerator grid compensation design were analyzed.Based on 10cm diameter continuous variable thrust ion thrusters,two types of grid systems with different accelerator grid compensation coefficients were designed.The effects of accelerator grid compensation coefficients on a wide range of discharge characteristics of the ion thruster plasma in the discharge chamber,electron backflow limited voltage and acceleration current,ion beam distribution and ion sputtering etching effect were studied under different thrust modes.Two types of grid systems with varying accelerator grid compensation coefficients were devised based on continuous variable thrust ion thrusters with a diameter of 10 cm.The result shows that under constant total acceleration voltage,changing the accelerator grid compensation coefficient can adjust the basic performance of the discharge chamber and the density distribution of the ion beam.And the smaller the thrust,the more pronounced the effect of the compensation coefficient variation.At a wide range of variable-thrust operating points,the accelerator grid compensation coefficient variation has a significant effect on the ion sputtering erosion effect of the ion beam on the grid system,but it has little effect on the electron backflow limited voltage of the grid system.It can be improved by adjusting the total acceleration voltage.The above research will provide technical support for the matching design of the grid system of a prototype ion thruster and optimization of high-performance variable-thrust control strategies,facilitating the illustration and implementation of such systems.
胡竟;郭德洲;耿海;杨福全;李建鹏;陈娟娟
兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州 730000兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州 730000兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州 730000兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州 730000兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州 730000兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州 730000
航空航天
加速栅小孔中心距补偿系数变推力离子推力器溅射刻蚀放电损耗
acceleration grid aperture pitch compensation coefficientsvariable-thrustion thrustersputtering erosiondischarge loss
《北京航空航天大学学报》 2026 (5)
1476-1486,11
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2202704)国家自然科学基金(62371213)甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RA787,22JR5RA789,22JR5RA784)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2202704)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62371213)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(22JR5RA787,22JR5RA789,22JR5RA784)
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