Self-Assembled Monolayers in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells:A Rising Star with ChallengesOA

Recently,self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)have been confirmedas a promising hole-selective contact and interfacial modifier for inverted perovskitesolar cells(IPSCs),contributing to an inspiring record power conversion efficiencyclose to 27%,along with excellent stability.This review demonstrates the criticalrole of SAMs in enhancing the performance of IPSCs.First,the structure-propertyand structure-stability relationship of SAMs is systematically expounded by examiningtheir electronic structure,spatial configuration,and the resulting intermolecularforces.Second,it concludes the underlying mechanisms how their unique propertiespromote the performance of IPSCs,including energy-level alignment,defectpassivation,improved interface carrier extraction/transport,and the suppression ofion migration.Third,the applications of SAMs in IPSCs are systematically summarized,covering their roles as hole-selective contacts,interface modifiers,and ascomponents in Co-SAMs strategies.Large-scalable fabrication methods are alsosummarized to promote industrial processing of IPSCs.Finally,the prevailing challengesand future research directions are outlined,proposing a roadmap for designingSAM-based IPSCs with superior longevity.By critically evaluating the pivotal role of SAMs,this review provides a strategic frameworkto guide future research and accelerate the development of self-assembled molecules in high-performance and stable photovoltaic devices.