Biotechnological synthesis of nucleoside analogs:Recent progress and perspectivesOA

Nucleoside analogs play an indispensable role in antiviral and anticancer therapies,and improving their synthesis methods has become a focal area of research.In recent years,technological breakthroughs in enzyme resource development and the increasing demand for efficient,green manufacturing processes have driven the transition from traditional multi-step chemical synthesis to biotechnological methods.This shift is attributed to the significant advantages of biotechnology in sustainability,efficiency,and cost control,establishing it as a central focus in nucleoside analogs synthesis research.This review traces the historical development of nucleoside analogs and their unique mechanism of action,and systematically clarifies the key roles of nucleoside phosphorylase and N-deoxyribosyltransferase in biosynthesis.Furthermore,it provides an in-depth discussion of the application of multi-enzyme cascade reactions in nucleoside analog synthesis and highlights recent advancements in biotechnological production methods.Based on the current research progress,this review proposes future strategies for optimizing the biosynthesis of nucleoside analogs,offering valuable insights for further research and industrial applications.