Toward carbon neutrality:A comprehensive review of CO2 hydrogenation to olefins and aromaticsOA

The catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into high-value chemicals offers a sustainable approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil resources.Among the products,olefins and aromatics are vital industrial building blocks,and their synthesis from CO_(2) provides notable environmental and energy benefits.Yet the conversion of CO_(2) into such unsaturated hydrocarbons remains intrinsically difficult,as it requires overcoming the high stability of the C-O bond,steering C-C coupling toward the desired products,and delicately balancing hydrogenation to suppress over-hydrogenation.This review summarizes recent advances in CO_(2) hydrogenation to olefins and aromatics,with particular attention to the main mechanistic pathways involving CO and methanol intermediates.We provide a detailed analysis of catalyst design strategies and mechanistic studies that have deepened understanding of CO_(2) activation,reaction intermediates,and product formation.Finally,the persisting challenges are discussed,and perspectives are offered on how future developments may enable efficient and scalable CO_(2) utilization.