安全、风险、突发事件、危机与灾害概念研究:进展、局限与未来展望OA

Safety,risk,emergency,crisis,and disaster are core concepts in public safety,emergency manage-ment,and disaster governance,with close semantic connections but distinct connotations.Their scientific defini-tion and clear differentiation directly affect theoretical research and practical effectiveness.Amid intensifying global climate change,technological innovation and social restructuring,frequent uncertain events highlight the urgency of studying these concepts.Based on a multi-disciplinary perspective,their research progress is sorted out,current limitations are analyzed,and future directions are clarified to provide reference for theoretical stan-dardization and practical refinement.The research shows that the study of these five concepts has evolved from single-concept definition to multi-concept connection analysis and from theoretical discussion to practical adapta-tion.Specifically,the concept of safety has evolved to system controllability;risk has developed into an integrat-ed paradigm of"hazard×exposure×vulnerability";emergency has a legal definition with clear classification;crisis is regarded as a"system imbalance"process;disaster integrates natural and man-made hazard factors.Academi-cally,a dynamic chain of"safety-risk-emergency-crisis-disaster-safety damage"has been formed,with clear dif-ferences in connotation and application scenarios.Practically,the research is closely linked to China's emergen-cy management system and international standards,enhancing its practical value.However,there are limitations:inconsistent concept definitions,inadequate connection analysis,poor practical adaptability,and single research methods,which restrict research depth and practicality.Future research should focus on safety guarantee,pro-mote concept standardization,deepen connection analysis,strengthen practical orientation,and innovate interdis-ciplinary and quantitative research methods to adapt to the needs of global risk society and emergency manage-ment modernization.This study confirms that standardized definition and systematic differentiation of the five concepts are crucial for emergency management modernization.It provides theoretical support for building a large-scale safety and emergency framework and promoting global risk governance cooperation.