"新药科"背景下职业本科医药专业学生生涯适应力潜在剖面分析与培育路径探索OA
Latent Profile Analysis and Cultivation Path Exploration of Career Adaptability of Vocational Undergraduate Students Majoring in Medicine and Pharmacy Under the Background of ″New Pharmaceutical Science″
目的 探讨职业本科医药专业学生生涯适应力的潜在类别及影响因素.方法 采用便利抽样法,选取浙江药科职业大学医药类专业职业本科 2 056 名学生作为研究对象.采用一般资料调查表、生涯适应力量表、职业使命感量表及职业探索量表进行调查,通过潜在剖面分析识别其生涯适应力类别,采用描述性统计和 Pearson 相关分析考察生涯适应力、职业生涯探索、职业使命感的得分特征及相关性;以类别归属为因变量,构建多元 Logistic 回归模型,考察人口学变量对类别归属的预测作用;构建多群组结构方程模型,通过比较嵌套模型拟合差异检验路径系数的跨群组不变性,并进一步分群体检验职业使命感、职业生涯探索对生涯适应力的影响路径.结果 生涯适应力水平可分为 4 个潜在类别,即高好奇低控制型(38.51%)、高控制高自信型(28.84%)、低关注低控制型(16.59%)和高关注低自信型(16.50%);各变量得分显示,职业使命感及各维度得分整体高于理论中值,其中生涯控制得分最低.相关分析表明,生涯适应力各维度间呈显著正相关(r=0.498～0.824,P<0.01),职业生涯探索各维度间亦呈显著正相关(r=0.149～0.360,P<0.01);除自我探索与生涯好奇、生涯自信,环境探索与生涯控制无显著相关性(P>0.05)外,其余跨变量间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01).不同群体在类型归属上存在显著差异(P<0.05),男生、一年级与四年级学生、城镇学生及未参与产教融合学生多集中于高好奇低控制型,二年级学生多集中于低关注低控制型,三年级学生及参与产教融合学生多分布于高控制高自信型.多群组路径分析显示,职业使命感显著正向预测高关注低自信群体的生涯适应力(P<0.001).职业生涯探索在高关注低自信群体中起部分中介作用,但在高好奇低控制群体中中介效应不显著.职业使命感显著正向预测低关注低控制、高关注低自信群体的生涯适应力(P<0.01),职业生涯探索在高关注低自信、高好奇低控制群体中的职业使命感 → 生涯适应力中起到部分中介作用.结论 职业本科医药专业学生生涯适应力存在 4 类异质性群体,且职业使命感与职业探索在不同群体中的作用路径存在显著差异.建议实施分层分类的精准培育策略,从精准干预、主体自觉、环境熏陶 3个维度协同发力,优化生涯适应力支持体系,助力"新药科"背景下医药职业人才培养质量提升.
Objective To investigate the latent categories and influencing factors of career adaptability of vocational undergraduate students majoring in medicine and pharmacy.Methods Using convenient sampling,2 056 vocational undergraduate students majoring in medicine and pharmacy from Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University were selected as research subjects.General information questionnaire,career adaptabilities scale,career calling scale and career exploration scale were used for investigation.Latent profile analysis was applied to identify the categories of career adaptability.Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used to investigate the score characteristics and correlations of career adaptability,career exploration and career calling.The category membership was taken as the dependent variable,a multivariate Logistic regression model was constructed to explore the predictive effect of demographic variables on category membership.A multi-group structural equation model was established,and the cross-group invariance of path coefficients was tested by comparing the fitting differences of nested models.Furthermore,the influence paths of career calling and career exploration on career adaptability were tested in different groups.Results The level of career adaptability could be divided into four latent categories:high-curiosity and low-control type(38.51%),high-control and high-confidence type(28.84%),low-concern and low-control type(16.59%),as well as high-concern and low-confidence type(16.50%).The scores of each variable displayed that the scores of career calling and its each dimensions were generally higher than the theoretical median,among which the score of career control was the lowest.Correlation analysis showed that each dimension of career adaptability was significantly positively correlated(r=0.498-0.824,P<0.01),and each dimension of career exploration was also significantly positively correlated(r=0.149-0.360,P<0.01).Except that there were no significant correlation between self-exploration and career curiosity/career confidence,and between environmental exploration and career control(P>0.05),all other cross-variable dimensions showed significant positive correlations(P<0.01).There were significant differences in category membership among different groups(P<0.05).Male students,freshmen,seniors,urban students and those not participating in industry-education integration were mostly concentrated in the high-curiosity and low-control type;sophomores were mostly concentrated in the low-concern and low-control type;while juniors and those participating in industry-education integration were mostly distributed in the high-control and high-confidence type.Multi-group path analysis showed that calling significantly and positively predicted career adaptability in the high-concern and low-confidence group(P<0.001).Career exploration played a partial mediating role in the high-concern and low-confidence group,but the mediating effect was not significant in the high-curiosity and low-control group.Career calling significantly and positively predicted career adaptability in the low-concern and low-control group,as well as high-concern and low-confidence group(P<0.01).Career exploration played a partial mediating role in the path of ″career calling → career adaptability″ in the high-concern and low-confidence group,as well as high-curiosity and low-control group.Conclusion There are four heterogeneous groups in the career adaptability of vocational undergraduate students majoring in medicine and pharmacy,and the influence paths of career calling and career exploration vary significantly among different groups.It is suggested to implement targeted and classified precise cultivation strategies,make joint efforts from three dimensions,including precise intervention,subjective awareness and environmental cultivation,optimize the career adaptability support system,and help improve the training quality of medical and pharmaceutical vocational talents under the background of ″New Pharmaceutical Science″.
竺丹军;汪周起;吴锦
浙江药科职业大学,浙江 宁波 315000浙江药科职业大学,浙江 宁波 315000浙江药科职业大学,浙江 宁波 315000
医药卫生
"新药科"潜在剖面分析生涯适应力职业生涯探索职业使命感职业本科医药专业
″New Pharmaceutical Science″latent profile analysiscareer adaptabilitycareer explorationcareer callingvocational undergraduatemedicine and pharmacy major
《中国药业》 2026 (10)
5-11,7
浙江省教育厅省级课程思政教学项目[浙教函[2022]51号].
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