代谢异常驱动的动脉粥样硬化神经-免疫调控机制及干预策略研究进展OA

There exists a bidirectional and plastic neuro-immune pathway between the vascular wall and the brain,known as the artery-brain circuit(ABC).The ABC is not only a sensory system by which blood vessels detect injury,but also a central driver that sustains inflammatory amplification and promotes vascular structural degeneration,with the capacity to continuously monitor vascular status and modulate local immune responses.Under conditions of metabolic dysregulation and chronic inflammation,a highly integrated dynamic circuit forms among neural,immune,and vascular cells,enabling local inflammatory signals to be rapidly intensified,remotely amplified,and ultimately leading to vascular functional decline.This review systematically summarizes the key mechanisms underlying neuro-immune-vascular coupling in metabolism-driven atherosclerosis,with a particular focus on the role of the artery-brain circuit(ABC)in inflammatory amplification,neural functional remodeling,and the progression of atherosclerosis.Furthermore,we highlight emerging interventional strategies targeting autonomic nervous regulation and neuro-immune pathways and discuss their translational application prospects.