我国油菜单产现状与提升路径OA

To improve rapeseed yield level in China and to ensure vegetable oil supply,this study systematical-ly analyzed the current status of rapeseed yield,regional constraining factors,and application characteristics of high-yield technologies in China based on survey data from 5360 large-scale rapeseed growers in 199 counties and districts nationwide,.Results showed that significant regional differences existed in rapeseed yield in China,with the highest yield in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and the lowest in the spring rapeseed region.Soil condi-tions,disaster stress,and harvest loss were common constraints,with prominent contradictions between soil and stubble in rice stubble fields,and drought and harvest loss as the main limiting factors in dry stubble fields.The technology application rate in high-yield fields was significantly higher than that in medium-and low-yield fields.Technologies such as chemical weeding and high-yield varieties had high popularity,while mechanized loss reduc-tion and green prevention and control technologies had low penetration rates.Based on these findings,the core path-way of"one variety,two improvements,three reductions"was proposed,and the"three ones"technical model was integrated:the upper reaches of the Yangtze River mainly promoted mechanical dense planting and disease resis-tance and loss reduction technologies;the middle reaches of the Yangtze River focused on precision sowing,water-logging prevention and loss reduction harvest;the lower reaches of the Yangtze River adopted precision sowing,ap-propriate density and precise regulation;the Huang-Huai region strengthened narrow-row dense planting and stress-resistant cultivation;and the spring rapeseed region focused on promoting seed coating,film mulching for moisture conservation and mechanized loss reduction.This study can provide theoretical and technical support for the regional quality and efficiency improvement and coordinated yield increase of rapeseed in China.