砒砂岩区小流域坡面产流产沙对植被-降雨耦合作用的响应规律OA
Response patterns of slope runoff and sediment yield to vegetation-rainfall coupling in small watersheds of Pisha sandstone region
[目的]位于黄河流域的砒砂岩区侵蚀严重,治理难度大.明确该区域不同植被类型坡面产流产沙对于不同降雨类型的响应规律对生态修复与流域管理十分重要.[方法]以圪坨店小流域为研究区,开展6种植被类型(油松、天然草地、人工草地、沙棘、农地、裸地)产流产沙定位观测,分析不同降雨类型下不同土地利用类型的产流产沙特征,并采用结构方程模型分析降水、土壤、植被生物量、地形因素对产流产沙的影响.[结果]1)2019-2023年,累积观测侵蚀性降雨事件42次,划分为4种降雨类型,Ⅰ类(降雨量最大,I30最大)、Ⅱ类(降雨历时最短,降雨强度最大)、Ⅲ类(降雨量、降雨强度、历时均中等)和Ⅳ类(降雨历时最长),其中Ⅰ类降雨下产流产沙量最大;2)不同类型径流小区产流量和泥沙量差异显著(P＜0.01),产流产沙量大小依次为裸地＞农田＞人工草地＞天然草地＞灌木＞乔木;不同降雨类型下,各植被类型产流量和产沙量有显著差异(P＜0.05),仅油松小区在Ⅰ类降雨下产流产沙较低;3)不同降雨类型下,影响产流产沙的因素不同.其中,降雨因子在Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类降雨中影响显著(P＜0.05),土壤因子在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类降雨中影响显著(P＜0.05),坡度因子在所有降雨类型均影响显著(P＜0.05).[结论]Ⅰ类降雨产流以降雨因子为主导(P＜0.001),Ⅱ类与Ⅳ类降雨产流以土壤因子为主导(P＜0.001),各降雨类型下产沙量的主要驱动因素都为产流量.研究结果可为砒砂岩区植被恢复与流域治理提供科学依据.
[Objective]The Pisha sandstone region in the Yellow River Basin experiences intense hillslope erosion.Clarifying how runoff and sediment yield of different vegetation types respond to distinct rainfall patterns is essential for ecological restoration and watershed management.[Methods]Taking the Getuodian small watershed as the study area,this study conducted fixed-position observations of runoff and sediment yield from runoff plots representing six vegetation/land use types(Chinese pine forest,natural grassland,planted grassland,shrubland,farmland,and bare land)from 2019 to 2023.A total of 42 erosive rainfall events were classified into four rainfall patterns based on rainfall amount,I30(maximum 30-min intensity),and duration.The characteristics of runoff and sediment yield of different land use types under different rainfall patterns were analyzed,and structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the effects of precipitation,soil,vegetation biomass,and topographic factors on runoff and sediment yield.[Results]1)From 2019 to 2023,a total of 42 erosive rainfall events were observed and classified into four rainfall patterns:Class Ⅰ(largest rainfall amount and maximum I30),Class Ⅱ(shortest rainfall duration and maximum rainfall intensity),Class Ⅲ(medium rainfall amount,intensity,and duration),and Class Ⅳ(longest rainfall duration).Among them,Class Ⅰ rainfall produced the highest runoff and sediment yield.2)Runoff and sediment yield differed significantly among different runoff plots(P＜0.01),following the order:bare land＞farmland＞planted grassland＞natural grassland＞shrubland＞arbor.Across different rainfall patterns,each vegetation type showed significant differences in runoff and sediment yield(P＜0.05).Only the Chinese pine plots showed relatively low runoff and sediment yield under Class Ⅰ rainfall.3)Under different rainfall patterns,the factors affecting runoff and sediment yield were different.Rainfall factors were significant in Classes Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ(P＜0.05);soil factors were significant in Classes Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ(P＜0.05);and slope factors were significant across all rainfall patterns(P＜0.05).[Conclusions]Runoff under Class Ⅰ rainfall is primarily controlled by rainfall factors(P＜0.001),while runoff under Class Ⅱ and Ⅳ rainfall is mainly controlled by soil factors(P＜0.001).The main driving factor of sediment yield under all rainfall patterns is runoff volume.This study demonstrates how vegetation types and rainfall patterns shape runoff and sediment yield in the Pisha sandstone region and identifies the key driving factors,thereby providing a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and watershed management in the Pisha sandstone region.
张高莱;刘殿君;吕彤;朱锐鹏;罗荣新;高志强;于洋
北京林业大学水土保持学院,100083,北京||山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,100083,北京内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,010051,呼和浩特北京林业大学水土保持学院,100083,北京||山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,100083,北京北京师范大学地理学部,100875,北京北京林业大学水土保持学院,100083,北京||山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,100083,北京准格尔旗水利事业发展中心,017100,内蒙古准格尔旗北京林业大学水土保持学院,100083,北京||山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,100083,北京
农业科技
多沙粗沙区植被类型降雨类型黄土高原
sandy and coarse sediment areasvegetation typesrainfall patternsLoess Plateau
《中国水土保持科学》 2026 (2)
26-38,13
国家自然科学基金"极端降雨下黄土小流域坡改梯和淤地坝对泥沙连通性的影响机理"(42377331)内蒙古自治区水利科技项目"内蒙古水土保持治理典型区碳汇潜力评估预测研究"(NSK202402) National Natural Science Foundation of China"Effects of Terracing and Check Dams on Sediment Connectivity in the Loess Watershed under Extreme Precipitation"(42377331).Water Conservancy Development Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"Assessment and Prediction of Carbon Sequestration Potential in Typical Soil and Water Conservation Management Areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"(NSK202402)
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