棉粕和大豆浓缩蛋白作为大黄鱼饲料蛋白源的比较研究OA
A comparison of cottonseed meal and soy protein concentrate as protein sources in large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)diet
本研究比较了棉粕和大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)作为大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)低鱼粉饲料蛋白源对其生长性能、饲料利用及抗氧化能力的影响,旨在确定饲料中棉粕的适宜添加量.采用单因素实验设计,设 6个处理.基础饲料(BD)鱼粉含量为40%,用SPC替代BD中鱼粉的 40%配制低鱼粉饲料CM0,再用棉粕分别替代CM0中SPC的 25%、50%、75%和 100%配制饲料CM1、CM2、CM3和CM4.实验鱼初始体重为(17.1±0.3)g,网箱养殖 10周.结果显示,利用棉粕替代SPC显著影响终末体重(FBW)、饲料系数(FCR)、氮贮积效率(NRE)、血浆和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05).与CM0组相比,CM1、CM2和CM3组FBW、增重(WG)、FCR、摄食率、NRE、磷贮积效率、能量贮积效率(ERE)、血浆及肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、GSH-Px和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及MDA和蛋白质羰基(PC)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);CM4组FBW、NRE以及肝脏和血浆GSH-Px活性显著降低(P<0.05),FCR和血浆MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05).CM1、CM2、CM3和CM4组WG各较CM0组下降 1.2%、2.4%、6.3%和 16.7%.与BD组相比,CM0、CM1、CM2和CM3组FBW、WG、摄食率、FCR、NRE和ERE均无显著差异(P>0.05),但饲料成本显著降低(P<0.05);CM4组FBW、WG、NRE和ERE显著降低(P<0.05),FCR以及血浆MDA和PC含量显著升高(P<0.05).本研究表明:以SPC为替代蛋白源可将大黄鱼饲料鱼粉含量降至 24%;在低鱼粉饲料中添加 4%～9%的棉粕替代SPC不影响鱼的生长和健康,但添加 17%的棉粕完全替代SPC则显著抑制生长.由此可见,棉粕替代饲料鱼粉的效果不及SPC,其在饲料中的添加量不宜超过 9%.本研究明确了棉粕与SPC作为大黄鱼饲料蛋白源的优先次序,为优化低鱼粉饲料配方、提高养殖效益提供了科学依据.
This research compared the effects of using cottonseed meal and soy protein concentrate(SPC)as protein sources in low-fishmeal diets on growth,feed utilization efficiency,and antioxidant capacity of large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea),to determine suitable cottonseed meal inclusion level in the diet formula.A single-factor experiment with six treatments was designed.Basal diet(BD)contained 40%fishmeal;a low-fishmeal diet(CM0)was formulated by replacing 40%of the fishmeal in BD with SPC.The other four diets,abbreviated as CM1,CM2,CM3 and CM4,were formulated by replacing 25%,50%,75%,and 100%of the SPC in CM0 with cottonseed meal,respectively.Fish weighing(17.1±0.3)g were fed in net-pens for 10 weeks.The results showed that replacing SPC with cottonseed meal significantly affected final body weight(FBW),feed conversion ratio(FCR),nitrogen retention efficiency(NRE),glutathione peroxidase activity(GSH-Px)in the liver and plasma and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in plasma(P<0.05).Compared with CM0,CM1,CM2 and CM3 did not exhibit significant changes in FBW,weight gain(WG),FCR,feed intake,NRE,phosphorus retention efficiency,energy retention efficiency(ERE),as well as activities of superoxide dismutase,GSH-Px and catalase and contents of MDA and protein carbonyl(PC)in plasma and liver(P>0.05).CM4 exhibited reduced FBW,NRE and GSH-Px activity in plasma and liver(P<0.05)and elevated FCR and plasma MDA content(P<0.05).The WG of CM1,CM2,CM3 and CM4 decreased by 1.2%,2.4%,6.3%,and 16.7%relative to CM0,respectively.Compared with BD,CM0,CM1,CM2 and CM3 did not exhibit significant changes in FBW,WG,feed intake,FCR,NRE and ERE(P>0.05),whereas CM4 exhibited reduced FBW,WG,NRE and ERE(P<0.05)and elevated FCR and contents of MDA and PC in plasma(P<0.05).The feed cost was lower in CM0,CM1,CM2 and CM3 than in BD(P<0.05).The results of this study reveal that dietary fishmeal content for large yellow croaker could be reduced to 24%by using SPC alone as an alternative ingredient.Adding cottonseed meal at 4%–9%to replace 25%–75%of the SPC in CM0 did not significantly negatively affect growth and health of the fish.However,adding 17%cottonseed meal to replace SPC completely in CM0 resulted in declined growth.Therefore,the efficacy of SPC as a dietary protein source for large yellow croaker is better than that of cottonseed meal,and dietary cottonseed meal content should not exceed 9%.The results of this study indicate that in low-fishmeal large yellow croaker diets,SPC has a higher priority as a protein source than that of cottonseed meal.
刘平丁;雷明滔;范洁梁;王岩
浙江大学海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021浙江大学海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021浙江大学海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021浙江大学海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021
农业科技
棉粕大豆浓缩蛋白生长饲料利用效率抗氧化能力饲料成本
cottonseed mealsoy protein concentrategrowthfeed utilization efficiencyantioxidant capacityfeed cost
《中国水产科学》 2026 (4)
47-61,15
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2401704).
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