中国奶牛平衡育种的研究与实践OA

In 2024,the average milk yield of dairy cows in China reached 9900 kg,a striking 94%increase since 2008.Despite this growth,the industry now confronts challenges including a structural imbalance in the supply and demand of fresh milk and a situation where many small and medium-scale farmers see"increased production without a corresponding rise in income."As the core of high-quality development of dairy industry,dairy cattle breeding needs to break through the single high-yield orientation and turn to the'balanced breeding'model.The paper points out that balanced breeding is an imperative derived from China's specific conditions—primarily characterized by intensive housing systems,limited feed resources,and low-carbon constraints—while also integrating advantages from international breeding systems.Its core objective is to cultivate cattle populations with comprehensive advantages in"high yield,health,longevity,and low carbon."The article proposes a multidimensional balanced breeding technology system.This system focuses on synergizing"volume,quality,and efficiency"in production performance optimization,strengthens health traits to build robust genetic resistance barriers,leverages longevity traits to unlock long-term benefits,and explores carbon neutrality pathways through low-carbon adaptive breeding.Simultaneously,it advocates for establishing a'government-industry-university-research-application'support framework driven by technological innovation,mechanism refinement,and industrial empowerment to facilitate the implementation of balanced breeding.In summary,balanced breeding can effectively resolve structural contradictions within the dairy industry,enhance the profitability of farming operations,and provide core genetic support for China's transition from a major dairy producer to a dairy industry powerhouse.