水稻内生微生物调控氮素吸收利用的机制解析OA

The increase in rice yield has long relied on the extensive application of nitrogen fertilizers,which not only significantly raises production costs but also triggers a series of environmental issues,including farm and soil degradation,water eutrophication,and ecological deterioration.As an important class of novel biological resources,rice endophytic microorganisms can markedly enhance nitrogen use efficiency through multiple mechanisms,such as promoting root development,regulating the expression of nitrogen metabolism-related genes,secreting plant growth regulators,and improving the rhizosphere microenvironment.In-depth analysis of the interactions between rice endophytic microorganisms and nitrogen uptake and utilization not only contributes to sustainable agricultural development but also holds great potential for increasing rice yields.This paper systematically reviews the transmission mechanisms,diversity characteristics,and ecological functions of rice endophytic microorganisms,analyzes key environmental factors influencing endophytic community structure,and elaborates on the interaction mechanisms between rice endophytes and nitrogen acquisition/utilization.It further explores potential strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency by harnessing endophytic diazotrophs and high-efficiency plant growth-promoting bacteria,summarizes current research challenges,and provides prospects for future studies.The aim is to offer a theoretical foundation for developing environmentally friendly microbial fertilizers and achieving green,high-efficiency rice production.