基于"15分钟社区生活圈"的上海城市公园可达性影响因素OA

[Objective]In the 15-minute community life circle,park service accessibility under walking-cost constraints cannot be fully reflected in administration-scale distributional equity.To address this challenge,urban park accessibility in Shanghai and its influencing factors are assessed from the perspective of distributional equity and opportunity equity,with the aim of providing decision-making support for park configuration optimization.[Method]With the data on 512 urban parks of the total area of 5 817.24 ha and the road network in Shanghai as of 2023,an enhanced multi-entrance and variable-radius two-step floating catchment area method(MVE-2SFCA)is developed to estimate the accessibility of about 12 280 residential compounds to urban parks under a 1 200 m walking threshold and distance decay.The allocation pattern is evaluated using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient.A random forest model and SHAP are applied to identify the contributions of explanatory variables and nonlinear threshold.[Result]The urban park resources present a relatively even distribution pattern,with the Gini coefficient at 0.22.However,pronounced heterogeneity in community park accessibility is observed,and the mean accessibility index is 1.81,while about 25％of communities have zero accessibility.Distance to the city center,GDP,and age of buildings make relatively higher contributions.There is a change from positive to negative when distance to the city center exceeds about 10 km.GDP in the middle range has a negative contribution,but has a positive and stronger contribution in the high-value range.The age of buildings in communities has an increasing contribution to a stable stage with the increase of age.[Conclusion]Citywide balance in total supply does not necessarily translate into community opportunity equity,and there are park-service blind spots in many communities.Hence,to achieve equity improvement,the spatial matching between parks and residential compounds should be boosted.In future research,multi-source data,such as POIs,street-view imagery,and remote-sensing semantic segmentation,should be integrated to construct quality-weighted attractiveness indicators and improve the precision estimation of effective supply,and in addition,heterogeneous needs of people could be introduced to examine the applicability of the 15-minute walking catchment across different ages and socioeconomic groups,thereby developing a more equity-oriented assessment framework.