我国人兽关系政策演变及高度城市化地区相应政策比较OA

[Objective]This study aims to examine and reveal the evolution characteristics of policies concerning human-wildlife relationship in China,which have been issued by the central and local authorities since the founding of the People's Republic of China,explore the linkages among the policies across all governance levels,and clarify the differences between provincial and municipal policies on human-wildlife relationship as well as the distinctions between approaches to human-wildlife conflict management.[Method]Policy mapping and policy tool analysis are applied to conduct thematic analysis and historical phasing of national policies related to human-wildlife relationship.Through comparative case studies,differentiated types of policies are analyzed across multiple provinces and cities.[Result]Policies concerning human-wildlife relationship in China have undergone three evolutionary stages,i.e.,from"human-wildlife confrontation"to"human protection of wildlife"in 1949-1987,equal emphasis on both conservation and epidemic prevention within"human-wildlife coexistence"in 1988-2011,and"human-wildlife conflict"under a community-of-life framework in 2012-2025.Spatially,the policy density for human-wildlife relationship is higher in eastern China than in central and western regions,and provincial and municipal policies show typological differences in"policy tools-policy objectives".[Conclusion]The central government has established a unified national policy and legal threshold,while provincial and municipal regulations differ in formulation and implementation.Policy density is positively correlated with regional development and governance capacity,and policy variation is decisively shaped by wildlife species and population size.Highly urbanized regions are where current human-wildlife conflict governance is focused,and natural protected areas will be key areas for harmonious human-wildlife relationships.