斑秃免疫靶向治疗的研究进展OA

Alopecia areata(AA)is a prevalent non-scarring alopecia driven primarily by immune dysregulation and genetic pre-disposition,but its precise pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.In recent years,with the in-depth exploration of the immuno-pathogenesis of AA(such as the collapse of hair follicle immune privilege,activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway,and Th cell imbalance),immunotargeted therapy has emerged as a research hotspot.This review systematically summarizes current progress in im-munotargeted therapy for AA,including JAK inhibitors,Th-related cytokines(e.g.,IFN-γ,IL-17),immune-checkpoint modulators,and emerging targets such as sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)receptor modulators and plasmacytoid dendritic cell(pDC)-depleting monoclonal antibodies.The efficacy and limitations of existing agents are discussed,and the prospects of precision-targeted combination therapy are envisioned.