国际主要单边涉碳经贸规则比较与应对策略OACHSSCD

Global climate governance is being deeply integrated with international economic and trade rules,and unilateral carbon-related measures have become an important tool for major economies to compete for green leadership and industrial dominance.Based on the policy documents that have been passed and are being promoted by relevant countries,the paper systematically analyzes and compares the main unilateral carbon-related economic and trade rules of the European Union,the United Kingdom,the United States and other countries and regions,and analyzes the similarities and differences of their policy motivations,core mechanisms,benchmark principles and implementation paths.It is found that most of these rules,in the name of coping with climate change and preventing carbon leakage,have multiple objectives of maintaining industrial competitiveness and serving geostrategy,showing the evolution trend of expanding coverage,tightening regulatory requirements and complicating the system.Based on foreign trade data,the impact of the current major unilateral carbon-related economic and trade rules is mainly concentrated in the steel and aluminum industry and specific products.If the rules expand from upstream raw materials to downstream finished products,it will pose a systemic challenge to China's export trade.China should implement a systematic response framework of"short-term collaborative defense and medium-term institutional linkup and long-term rule-shaping".We will build a cross-sectoral collaboration and data support system in the near future to reduce corporate compliance risks.We will improve the national carbon market in the medium term to promote industrial low-carbon transformation and achieve institutional convergence at home and abroad.In the long run,we will actively participate in the formulation of international rules and the coordination of standards,and promote the construction of a fair and inclusive global green trade governance system.