一级与二级视觉视角采择的机制比较:理论争议、行为与神经科学的证据OACHSSCD

Visual perspective taking(VPT)is commonly divided into level-1 and level-2.Current theories fundamentally disagree on their relationship:the two-systems account posits distinct mechanisms,while the single-system account suggests shared processing.Integrating these perspectives,this article proposes a three-stage processing model,which posits that both level-1 and level-2 VPT involve three stages:information processing,perspective simulation,and information integration with response selection.Behavioral and neural evidence indicates that the mechanisms of level-1 and level-2 VPT exhibit both similarities and differences across these stages.During information processing,both share basic spatial information encoding,but level-2 VPT requires more fine-grained representations.In the perspective simulation stage,level-1 VPT relies on rapid,non-embodied gaze tracking,whereas level-2 VPT involves embodied self-rotation with reference frame transformation.During information integration and response selection,both may share an understanding of others'intentions,though level-2 VPT demands stronger cognitive control.The proposed three-stage model offers a unified framework for understanding level-1 and level-2 VPT.Future research should focus on developing experimental paradigms to dissociate these stages,employing high-temporal-resolution techniques to examine the temporal dynamics of the model,and further investigating the triggering conditions of embodied mechanisms in level-2 VPT,as well as cross-modal integration.