气凝胶基相变复合材料设计及其热管理应用研究进展OA

Aerogels are a class of highly porous network materials composed of nanoparticles,with characteristic indicators including ultra-low density(as low as 0.003 g/cm3),high porosity(>90%),and extremely low thermal conductivity(0.013-0.030 W/(m·K)).These properties enable their wide application in fields such as aerospace,building energy efficiency,low-temperature storage and transportation,and wearable devices.However,aerogels have low intrinsic heat capacity and lack obvious thermal buffering and energy storage capabilities,which limits their suitability in dynamic thermal management scenarios.Phase change materials(PCM),on the other hand,can achieve stable temperature regulation through reversible endothermic and exothermic processes near the phase change temperature by absorbing or releasing large amounts of latent heat via solid-liquid or solid-solid phase change processes,so they are widely used in building energy efficiency,thermal management of electronic devices,and thermal regulation of wearable products. Therefore,the combination of the two can achieve complementary advantages:the three-dimensional network of aerogels provides an effective confined environment for PCM,inhibiting leakage and improving thermal conductivity and cycling stability;the introduction of PCM,in turn,endows aerogels with significant energy storage and buffering functions.The aerogel-PCM composite system formed thereby achieves synergy in thermal insulation and temperature regulation,and has become an important research direction in thermal management materials in recent years.However,how to achieve the efficient combination of PCM and aerogels to meet application requirements—i.e.,ensuring structural stability while simultaneously possessing the heat storage capacity of PCM and the thermal insulation performance of aerogels—remains a key challenge in this field. To this end,this paper briefly introduces aerogels and PCM,and focuses on discussing their composite strategies and structural design.It summarizes three typical forms of aerogels filled in PCM:layered structures,embedded structures and mixed structures,sorts out representative works and the latest progress,and further outlines the applications of aerogel-based phase change composites in building energy efficiency and human thermal management.This review is different from previous studies that primarily focused on aerogels as carriers for PCM;instead,it emphasizes the innovation of composite structures and strategies as well as the coupling and superposition of functions.In the future,the development of aerogel composites will no longer be limited to simple filling relationships,but will be committed to the synergistic realization of integrated functions of thermal insulation,energy storage,and temperature regulation,with broader application prospects in various fields.