从爱因斯坦到引力量子场论:引力规范理论百年历程与范式转换OA

The merging of gravity and the gauge principle has been a central thread in the cen-tury-long exploration of theoretical physics ever since the birth of general relativity.Taking the perspective shift from the"geometric paradigm"to the"matter paradigm"as its guiding thread,this paper systematically traces the two major stages of this merging process.The first stage takes the gauge principle as its starting point,passing through Utiyama's local Lorentz gauge theory,Sciama's spin-torsion coupling,Kibble's Poincaré gauge gravity,and culminating in the Riemann-Cartan spacetime geometry and gauge field theory framework es-tablished by Hehl and others,thereby profoundly revealing the intrinsic connection between the gauge principle and spacetime gravity.Nevertheless,this stage consistently follows the traditional paradigm of"starting from spacetime geometry."The second stage,marked by the gravitational quantum field theory proposed by one of the present authors,realizes a funda-mental paradigm shift:the gauge symmetry SP(1,3)corresponding to the spin of elementary particles is established as an independent and primary intrinsic symmetry of the fundamental building block.From this,entirely new structures such as biframe spacetime and a noncom-mutative,fiber-bundle-like gravitational gauge spacetime emerge,enabling gravitational dy-namics to be naturally derived from the basic principles of quantum field theory and breaking through the framework limitations of traditional curved spacetime geometry.This paper sys-tematically expounds the historical trajectory,core physical ideas,key mathematical struc-tures,and characteristics of field equations of the two major stages,compares and analyzes their essential differences and internal connections,and elucidates the theoretical self-consis-tency of constructing the generalized standard model and achieving a unified description of the four fundamental interactions within the framework of gravitational quantum field theory.