中药调控TGF-β/Smad信号通路治疗糖尿病肾病炎症反应的研究进展OA

Diabetic nephropathy(DKD),one of the most severe microvascular complications of diabetes,can progress to end-stage renal disease if poorly managed,leading to the need for kidney replacement therapy,which poses significant physical harm and economic burden to patients.Inflammation is a key driver in the early stages of DKD and a critical mechanism leading to end-stage renal disease.Anti-inflammatory treatment is essential throughout the course of DKD.In recent years,the role of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway in DKD has gained significant attention.The hyperglycemic state in DKD leads to abnormal activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway,triggering a cascade of inflammatory responses,extracellular matrix deposition,and promoting renal fibrosis.This signaling pathway is a key player in inflammation and fibrosis,driving renal damage.This article systematically reviews the mechanisms by which the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a role in the inflammatory response of DKD,and explores the research progress of TCM monomers and combinations,as well as their active ingredients,in treating DKD by regulating this signaling pathway,providing new ideas and theoretical foundations for TCM intervention and treatment of DKD.