植被毯覆盖对高寒矿区煤矸石基质热性质的影响OA
Influence of vegetation blanket coverage on thermal properties of coal gangue substrate in alpine mining areas
[目的]评估高寒地区不同植被毯(普通防冲毯、秸秆植被毯、椰丝植被毯及秸秆椰丝混合毯)对煤矸石基质热特性的影响,重构矿区冻土隔热保护系统,为高寒矿区生态修复提供科学依据.[方法]以天然泥炭层和未覆盖煤矸石为对照,选取 4种常见植被毯覆盖于煤矸石基质上方,通过热特性试验测定不同覆盖材料的热导率、热容及热扩散率,并结合熵权TOPSIS法综合评价其隔热性能.[结果]①在含水率 0.1～0.3范围内,泥炭层与煤矸石基质的热参数随含水率的增加变化过程不同,其中热容对水分变化最敏感,热导率次之,热扩散率受二者影响波动较大.②室内土柱试验表明,泥炭层热导率[0.61 W/(m ∙ K)]、热容[1.60×106 J/(m3 ∙ K)]、热扩散率(3.90×10-7 m2/s)相关热参数均为最优值.相较于未覆盖煤矸石,植被毯可显著改善热特性,其中秸秆植被毯表现最佳,使热导率降至 0.65 W/(m ∙ K),热容升至 1.16×10⁶ J/(m3 ∙ K),热扩散率降至5.50×10⁻7 m2/s.③熵权TOPSIS分析显示,秸秆植被毯相对接近度最高(0.603),是高寒矿区最优覆盖方案.[结论]秸秆植被毯能有效模拟泥炭层隔热功能,显著降低煤矸石基质热导率并提升热容,可作为高寒矿区重构冻土隔热层最佳材料.
[Objective]The influence of different vegetation blankets(common anti-erosion blanket,straw vegetation blanket,coconut fiber vegetation blanket,and straw-coconut fiber mixed blanket)on the thermal characteristics of coal gangue substrate in alpine mining areas was evaluated,and the insulation protection system of frozen soil in mining areas was reconstructed,in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration in alpine mining areas.[Methods]Using the natural peat layer and uncovered coal gangue as controls,four common vegetation blankets covering the coal gangue substrate were selected.The thermal conductivity,thermal capacity,and thermal diffusivity of different covering materials were measured through thermal property experiments,and their insulation performance was then comprehensively evaluated by combining the entropy weight TOPSIS method.[Results]① Within the water content range of 0.1 to 0.3,the thermal parameters of the peat layer and coal gangue matrix exhibited different variations as the water content increased.Among them,thermal capacity was the most sensitive to changes in water content,followed by thermal conductivity,while thermal diffusivity fluctuated greatly under the influence of both factors.② The laboratory soil column experiment showed that the thermal conductivity[0.61 W/(m ∙ K)],thermal capacity[1.60×10 ⁶ J/(m3 ∙ K)],and thermal diffusivity(3.90×10 ⁻7 m2/s)of the peat layer were all at their optimal values.Compared with uncovered coal gangue,vegetation blankets significantly improved the thermal properties,among which the straw vegetation blanket performed the best,reducing the thermal conductivity to 0.65 W/(m∙K),increasing the thermal capacity to 1.16×10⁶ J/(m3 ∙ K),and reducing the thermal diffusivity to 5.50×10⁻7 m2/s.③ The entropy weight TOPSIS analysis showed that the straw vegetation blanket had the highest relative proximity(0.603)and was the optimal coverage solution for alpine mining areas.[Conclusion]The straw vegetation blanket can effectively simulate the heat insulation function of the peat layer,significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the coal gangue substrate,and increases its thermal capacity.It can be used as the best material for reconstructing the insulation layer of frozen soil in alpine mining areas.
李川;贺康宁;马小东;邹星晨;王作枭
北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100083
农业科技
煤矸石植被毯热性质土柱试验熵权TOPSIS法
coal ganguevegetation blanketthermal propertiessoil column experimententropy weight TOPSIS method
《水土保持通报》 2026 (2)
76-85,10
"十四五"国家重点研发项目"高寒矿区水源涵养功能恢复新型材料和冻土剖面近自然重构技术研发与试验示范"(2022YFF1302604)
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