湖南张家界国家森林公园两栖动物多样性及时空分布格局研究OA

To investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of amphibian species composition and diversity in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park,Hunan Province,monthly surveys were conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 along three transects with varying tourism disturbance intensities in the Jinbian Stream watershed of the forest park.The results revealed that:1)A total of 1 325 amphibian individuals,belonging to 16 species,12 genera,7 families,and 2 orders,were recorded.Significant differences in species composition and domi-nance were observed across different months and transects;2)On a temporal scale,the Shannon-Wiener di-versity index,Pielou evenness index,and Margalef richness index all exhibited distinct seasonal patterns with higher values in spring and summer and lower values in winter;3)On a spatial scale,Transect 3,which experienced the lowest level of tourism disturbance,exhibited the highest values for diversity,evenness,and richness indices,and possessed a more complex community structure.However,there were no statistically significant differences in diversity indices among the three transects;4)Water temperature and humidity showed significant positive correlations with the three diversity indices and were identified as key environ-mental factors determining species diversity and evenness.Specifically,humidity played a dominant role in determining the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,while water temperature had a dominant effect on Pielou evenness index.In contrast,pH and air temperature were significantly positively associated with the Mar-galef richness index.Species richness was influenced primarily by synergistic effects of environmental fac-tors,with tourism disturbance showing no significant independent influence.The results indicated that the diversity of amphibians in the Jinbian Stream watershed of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park in Hunan is overall rich,exhibiting significant seasonal variation patterns,which are closely related to environmental fac-tors such as temperature and humidity.Although tourism disturbance does have some impact on the spatial distribution of amphibians,the overall amphibian community in this area remains relatively intact and well-conserved.