风电产业链关键原材料贸易网络演化与"一带一路"效应——基于52国的实证研究OA

With the accelerated transition of the global energy structure and expansion of the renewable energy sector,critical materials such as rare earth elements are becoming increasingly important in the wind power industry chain.However,the current complex geopolitical environment,constrains the free flow of the global wind power supply chain.Therefore,the trade network structure and evolutionary characteristics of critical products must be analyzed from a segmented industry chain perspective.Simultaneously,the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)provides a multinational cooperation framework to systematically assess its role in promoting the integration of participating countries into the wind power industry chain trade network,enhancing their trade network positions,and alleviating resource and technology constraints.This study constructed a segmented global trade network for the wind power industry chain and quantitatively examined how BRI affects the trade network positions of participating countries,along with the underlying mechanisms.The study draws on trade data from 52 major countries and regions for the 2009-2022 period.Rare earth ores,rare earth permanent magnets,and direct-drive wind turbines were selected to represent the upstream,midstream,and downstream segments of the industry chain,respectively.A directed and weighted trade network was constructed to capture the structural characteristics and evolutionary trends of the network.A multi-period difference-in-differences model was employed to evaluate the impact of the BRI on the trade network positions of countries along the initiative's route,and mechanisms such as policy coordination,infrastructure connectivity,and trade facilitation were incorporated to assess the channels through which the initiative affects trade network embedding.First,the results indicate that the global wind power industry chain trade network has become increasingly complex,with a growing scale,enhanced connectivity,and significant small-world properties across all segments,reflecting the networked nature of the global supply chain.Among the segments,the midstream permanent magnet network exhibited the highest connectivity and clustering,the upstream rare earth network was sparse,and the downstream complete turbine network was constrained by market access limitations and standardization levels.Second,Germany,the United States,and China are core countries across different segments,whereas the networks of major participating countries are becoming increasingly diversified,with resource-rich European countries such as Denmark and Belgium gaining greater importance over time.China's position exhibits a composite pattern of"strong downstream,stable midstream,weak upstream,"and through systematic cooperation under the BRI,its network position has improved.Despite certain bottlenecks in key technological control,China has become a key component in the global wind power industry chain,significantly influencing the production and application of wind power equipment.Finally,BRI significantly enhanced the trade network positions of participating countries in the wind power industry chain.The initiative's effects exhibited pronounced heterogeneity across industry chain segments,levels of national development,and spatial corridors,with particularly strong effects observed for resource-and technology-intensive segments,developed countries,and countries along the Silk Road.The mechanism analysis indicates that policy coordination enhances network embedding through intergovernmental cooperation and foreign aid,whereas infrastructure and trade facilitation improve shipping connectivity and reduce tariffs,thereby indirectly enhancing the trade position of the countries.The contributions of this study are twofold.First,it constructs a global wind power trade network from a segmented industry chain perspective,revealing heterogeneous characteristics across segments.Second,it systematically evaluates the effects of the BRI on the policy,infrastructure,and trade dimensions,providing theoretical and practical guidance for formulating international renewable energy cooperation policies and optimizing the industry chain layout for participating countries.