我国油菜生产用药情况及对蜜蜂影响分析OA

A total of 578 pesticide products have been registered on rapeseed in China,involving 56 active ingredients,including 25 herbicides,19 fungicides,6 insecticides,and 6 plant growth regulators.This paper summarized the major pests affecting rapeseed production,analyzed the potential risks of chemical control to honeybees,and proposed risk management measures.Overall,insecticides used on rapeseed pose a high risk to honeybees,and the application of insecticides that are highly toxic to honeybee,such as thiamethoxam and deltamethrin during the bolting,flowering,and blooming stages can easily cause acute poisoning and large-scale bee deaths.To mitigate the impact of pesticide use on honeybees in rapeseed production,insecticides that are highly toxic to bees should be avoided for aphid control during these stages unless strict risk prevention measures are in place.Additionally,during the control of sclerotinia stem rot in rapeseed,the addition of highly toxic insecticides to bee populations,particularly during the flowering period,should be prohibited.Encouragement is given to register low-toxicity chemical and biological insecticides for rapeseed,while strictly limiting the use of unregistered and inadequately assessed agents.Pesticide users,beekeepers,and other stakeholders should enhance their awareness of bee protection and place greater emphasis on the ecological and social benefits of honeybees.