替代地膜覆盖的高稳定性杯罩结构设计与试验OA
Design and Experiment of a High-stability Cup Structure to Replace Plastic Film Mulching
针对传统地膜存在的使用寿命短、回收易造成土壤污染、铺设成本高等问题,设计了一款适应烟苗移栽覆盖需求、可替代传统地膜的高稳定性杯罩.通过多目标函数优化理论分析,并以重心低、稳定性强为原则,确定罩杯外形为圆台型;根据烟苗移栽后期的生长状况,确定罩杯高度为 20 cm;为满足烟苗移栽后期的俯视伸展占地面积要求,确定杯罩上端口半径为 10 cm;结合烟苗移栽后期叶片形态外侧弯曲状况,确定杯罩下端口半径为 7 cm;基于杯罩需满足抗变形和透光性需求,确定其厚度为 0.5 mm、材料为 PP,并以试验区最大风力和朗肯土压力方法验证杯罩稳定性.田间烟苗试验结果表明:移栽期杯罩植株地上长势迟于常规地膜覆盖移栽,净光合速率、气孔导度和根系发育优于常规地膜覆盖移栽,根冠比增加 1.1%;杯罩通过"微型温室"效应使内部湿度在使用期间保持在 80%～99%范围内,下端口中心 10 cm 内温度较地膜覆盖高 1～3℃,显著提升了烟苗移栽成活率;杯罩覆盖较地膜覆盖节省成本 650 元/(hm2·年).本研究可为解决田间白色污染提供借鉴.
To address the limitations of traditional plastic mulch-including short lifespan,soil contamination from poor re-cyclability,a high stability cup cover was designed to meet the needs of tobacco seedling transplanting coverage and re-place traditional plastic film.Based on the theoretical analysis of multi-objective function optimization,and the principle of low center of gravity and strong stability,the shape of the cup was determined to be rounded.According to the growth status of tobacco seedlings at the later stage of transplanting,the height of cup was determined to be 20 cm.In order to meet the requirements of the top view extension area in the later stage of tobacco seedling transplanting,the radius of the upper port of the cup cover was determined to be 10 cm.Combined with the lateral bending condition of leaf shape in the later stage of tobacco seedling transplanting,the radius of the lower port of the cup cover was determined to be 7 cm.The reference cup cover need to meet the requirements of anti-deformation and light transmittance.The thickness was deter-mined to be 0.5 mm and the material was PP.The stability of the cup cover was verified by the maximum wind force and Rankine earth pressure method in the test area.The results of field tobacco seedling test showed that the above-ground growth of cup-covered plants was later than that of conventional plastic film mulching transplanting,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and root development were better than those of conventional plastic film mulching transplan-ting,and the root-shoot ratio increased by 1.1%.Through the"micro greenhouse"effect,the internal humidity was kept in the range of 80%to 99%during the use period,and the temperature in the center of the lower port within 10 cm was 1 to 3 ℃higher than that of the plastic film mulching,which significantly improved the survival rate of tobacco seedling transplanting.Cup-cover mulching saved 650 RMB/hm2 per year compared with plastic film mulching.This study could provide reference for solving white pollution in the field.
李连豪;李超;索晨;秦伟桦;李栋浩;杨小密;麻国震
河南农业大学 机电工程学院,郑州 450002河南农业大学 机电工程学院,郑州 450002河南农业大学 机电工程学院,郑州 450002河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司,河南 三门峡 470002河南农业大学 资源与环境学院,郑州 450046河南农业大学 机电工程学院,郑州 450002河南农业大学 机电工程学院,郑州 450002
农业科技
杯罩替代地膜高稳定性
cupreplace plastic filmhigh stability
《农机化研究》 2026 (10)
35-43,9
河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司科技创新项目(2023411200200020X)
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