热带气旋强度减弱的环境因子及物理机制研究进展综述OA

Changes in tropical cyclone(TC)intensity are a critical determinant of their destructive potential.However,our understanding of TC weakening processes remains limited.This paper systematically reviews the environmental factors and physical mechanisms governing TC intensity decay.First,the definition of TC weakening and the differences in rapid weakening definitions across ocean basins are presented.Then,the major environmental factors responsible for TC weakening and the associated physical mechanisms are overviewed.The ocean reduces the energy supply by decreasing sea surface temperatures(SST),enhancing horizontal SST gradients,and triggering cold wake feedback mechanisms.Vertical wind shear disrupts the warm-core structure by inducing vortex tilt and ventilation effects.Land surfaces accelerate weakening by increasing surface roughness to enhance frictional dissipation and by cutting off energy sources through drying processes.Aerosols modulate TC intensity changes through aerosol-radiation interactions and aerosol-cloud interactions via multiple pathways.Multiscale weather systems,including upper-level troughs,monsoon systems,and binary TC interactions,trigger TC weakening by coupling multiple adverse factors.Finally,the long-term trends of TC weakening on climatic scales are summarized.The decay process of global major TCs has accelerated,and the TC weakening rate over the western North Pacific has increased.Future research needs to deepen the understanding of multiscale interactions and develop high-resolution coupled models integrated with artificial intelligence approaches to improve TC weakening forecast capability,thereby providing scientific support for disaster prevention and mitigation.