细胞外囊泡在腹主动脉瘤中的作用机制研究进展OA

Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)is a vascular disease characterized by focal dilation of the abdominal aorta and a high risk of rupture-related mortality.Its development involves multiple pathological processes,including inflammatory cell infiltration,vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC)apoptosis and phenotypic modulation,endothelial dysfunction,and extracellular matrix(ECM)degradation and remodeling.In recent years,extracellular vesicles(EV)have gained increasing attention as essential mediators of intercellular communication.EV can stably transport non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs and lncRNAs,as well as diverse proteins,thereby actively participating in AAA initiation and progression by regulating immune responses,VSMC phenotypic switching,and vascular wall remodeling.Accumulating evidences have demonstrated distinct mechanisms of EV derived from different cell types in AAA,and circulating EV-associated miRNAs have shown potential as liquid biopsy biomarkers.Moreover,mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV(MSC-EV)and engineered EV exhibit promising anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic,and vascular-repair effects in experimental AAA models.This review summarizes the roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and progression of AAA and highlights recent mechanistic advances,aiming to provide scientific insights and reference directions for future research at the intersection of EV biology and AAA.