秸秆资源化利用路径及其生态环境效应研究进展OA

As a major agricultural country,China produced 774 million tons of crop straw in 2024.The resource utilization of straw was an important tool to reduce environmental pollution and promote green development of agriculture.This paper systematically reviewed the current research status of straw resource utilization pathways and its ecological and environmental effects.It focused on three straw treatment technologies:physical treatment technology,chemical conversion technology and biodegradation technology,as well as three ecological effect assessment aspects:soil quality response,crop growth impact and yield effect analysis.It was concluded that physical treatment technology could effectively enhance the efficiency of straw decomposition,but it faced the limitation of high energy consumption.Chemical conversion technology enabled the high-value extraction of hemicellulose and the development of biochar materials with high adsorption capacity,showing promising application potential.Biodegradation technology exhibited high degradation efficiency under different temperature conditions by screening of highly efficient functional strains.As one of the core pathways for high-value conversion of straw,feed utilization could significantly improve its feeding value through pretreatment technologies such as bacteria-enzyme synergistic fermentation,effectively alleviate the supply pressure of feed grain in China,and provide important support for soybean meal reduction and substitution as well as national food security guarantee.In terms of ecological effects,straw returning could significantly improve soil structure,increase organic carbon content,optimize microbial community composition,and promote crop yield increase,especially showing significant effects in dry farming systems.However,attention should also be paid to the potential risk of yield reduction in paddy field systems during the initial stage.Finally,it was proposed that in the future,multidisciplinary integration should be strengthened,and the regional adaptive technology system should be optimized according to local conditions,so as to provide systematic support for the scientific management of straw and the sustainable development of agriculture.