高海拔视网膜病变的研究进展OA

The plateau environment is characterized by low atmospheric pressure,low oxygen,strong ultravi-olet radiation and the dry climate.A rapid exposure to high-altitude areas could result in damage to multiple systems of the human body.High-altitude retinopathy(HAR)is a typical complication occurring during the exposure to plateau conditions.Its dominant clinical manifestations include retinal hemorrhage,retinal vascular dilation,optic disc edema,abnormalities of retinal microcirculation and varying degrees of visual function impairment.In recent years,with the increasing frequency of high-altitude tourism,scientific explo-ration,and population mobility,the incidence of HAR has shown a rising trend.This review systematically revealed the characteristics of the plateau environment,the epidemiology and clinical features of HAR,as well as recent advances in the pathogenesis and clinical prevention and treatment.Particular emphasis was placed on the molecular and cellular signaling pathways involved in its pathological mechanisms,including hypo-baric hypoxia,oxidative stress and neural cell injury.Furthermore,the peculiar geographical characteristics of Gansu Province were discussed in relation to their worth for research on the pathogenesis,prevention and future directions of it.