云南药山国家级自然保护区大型真菌多样性OA

Yaoshan National Nature Reserve,located in the karst forest region of northeastern Yunnan,is one of the key regions for biodiversity conservation in China.However,the diversity of macrofungi in this region remains poorly understood.To explore the current status of macrofungal resources,field investigations and specimen collections in this region were conducted from July 2017 to August 2020.Based on morphological and anatomical characteristics as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses,specimen identification was performed.Statistical analyses were conducted on species composition,floristic geographical components at generic level,endemic elements,economically important species,and species endangerment categories in the region.In total,274 macrofungal species were identified,belonging to 2 phyla,4 classes,16 orders,63 families,and 145 genera.The dominant families included Boletaceae,Russulaceae,Amanitaceae,Polyporaceae,Agaricaceae,Hydnaceae,and Tricholomataceae,accounting for 11.1%of the total number of macrofungal families,with the sum of species accounting for 46.4%of the total number of macrofungal species.The dominant genera were Amanita,Lactarius,Russula,Tricholoma,Laccaria,Suillus,Helvella,and Lactifluus,representing 5.5%of the total genera and 27.1%of the total species.Analysis of floristic geographical components at generic level revealed that the cosmopolitan component constituted the largest proportion(55.5%),and North Temperate component was the next(25.3%).The macrofungal flora also contained 12.3%pantropical elements,6.2%East Asian elements,and 0.7%endemic elements.The Chinese endemic species account for 11.7%of the total species.There are 65 edible species,20 medicinal species,16 edible and medicinal dual-purpose species,and 59 poisonous species.Sequence analyses based on ITS and LSU regions suggest the occurrence of two putative new species(Neosarcodon sp.and Cuphophyllus sp.)in this area.To achieve effective conservation and sustainable utilization of macrofungal resources in the Yaoshan Nature Reserve,it is necessary to systematically further conduct background surveys and floristic studies,strengthen the training of local taxonomic professionals,enhance resource management and science outreach,establish a long-term dynamic monitoring system,and carry out germplasm conservation and artificial domestication of valuable species,so as to finally realize the coordinated development of fungal diversity conservation and sustainable resource utilization.