不同秋浇定额对秋浇后-春播前土壤水分和盐分的影响OA
The Influence of Different Autumn Irrigation Water Quotas on the Variation Patterns of Soil Water and Salt from Post-autumn Irrigation to Pre-spring Sowing
秋浇是河套灌区传统的秋后淋盐、春季保墒的灌溉制度,对农业生产至关重要.在水资源刚性约束下,制定合理节水秋浇制度对提升灌区水资源利用效率意义重大.于2023-2024年开展大田试验,设置1 500 m3/hm2(W1)、1 800 m3/hm2(W2)、2 100 m3/hm2(W3)、2 400 m3/hm2(W4)、2 700 m3/hm2(W5)、3 000 m3/hm2(W6)6个秋浇定额处理,通过分析秋浇后土壤水盐的变化规律及春播前土壤水盐条件,提出现状畦田规格下小麦和玉米适宜的节水秋浇定额.结果表明:秋浇对0～60 cm土壤含水率影响显著,秋浇后0～20 cm土壤含水率增加1倍以上(145.40%～171.59%),盐分减少12.73%～34.59%,且变化幅度均随灌水定额的增加而增大.当秋浇定额小于2 100 m3/hm2(W3)时,土壤盐分的有效淋洗深度为60 cm;当灌水定额大于2 100 m3/hm2时,可将盐分淋洗至深层(100 cm以下).整体来看,0～100 cm土层呈脱盐趋势,淋盐率为1.37%～15.70%.封冻前0～100 cm土层增水效率与秋浇定额呈负相关,为47.60%～61.77%.小麦和玉米播前增水效率均随秋浇定额呈先升后降的趋势,1 800 m3/hm2(W2)和2 100 m3/hm2(W3)灌水定额处理均表现最优,分别为67.79%、72.21%和48.96%、53.37%.封冻前、小麦和玉米播前各处理淋盐效率均与秋浇定额呈正相关关系,且秋浇前土壤盐储量越大,淋盐效率越高.综合考虑节水保墒淋盐的目标,小麦种植的适宜秋浇定额为2 100 m3/hm2,玉米种植的适宜秋浇定额为2 400 m3/hm2.
Autumn irrigation is a traditional practice in the Hetao Irrigation District for post-autumn salt leaching and spring soil moisture conservation,and is vital for agricultural production.Under the rigid constraints of water resources,formulating a reasonable water-saving autumn irrigation system is of great significance for improving the utilization efficiency of water resources in irrigation districts.Field trials were conducted from 2023 to 2024,with six autumn irrigation quota treatments:1 500 m3/hm2(W1),1 800 m3/hm2(W2),2 100 m3/hm2(W3),2 400 m3/hm2(W4),2 700 m3/hm2(W5),and 3 000 m3/hm2(W6)for treatment By analyzing the variation patterns of soil water and salt after autumn irrigation and the soil water and salt conditions before spring sowing,recommended water-saving autumn irrigation quotas for wheat and corn,tailored to current plot configuration,were proposed.The results show that autumn irrigation has a significant impact on the soil moisture content of 0～60 cm.After autumn irrigation,the soil moisture content of 0～20 cm increases by more than double(145.40%～171.59%),and the salt content decreases by 12.73%～34.59%.Moreover,the variation range increases with the increase of irrigation quota.When the autumn irrigation quota is less than 2 100 m3/hm2(W3),the effective leaching depth of soil salinity is 60 cm.When the irrigation quota is greater than 2 100 m3/hm2,the salt can be leached to a deeper level(below 100 cm).Overall,the 0～100 cm soil layer shows a desalination trend,with a salt leaching rate ranging from 1.37%to 15.70%.The water-increasing efficiency of the 0-100 cm soil layer before freezing was negatively correlated with the autumn irrigation quota,ranging from 47.60%to 61.77%.The water increase efficiency of wheat and corn before sowing showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the autumn irrigation quota.The treatments with irrigation quotas of 1 800 m3/hm2(W2)and 2 100 m3/hm2(W3)performed the best,which were 67.79%,72.21%and 48.96%,53.37%respectively.The salt leaching efficiency of each treatment before freezing and before sowing of wheat and corn was positively correlated with the autumn irrigation quota.Moreover,the larger the soil salt storage before autumn irrigation,the higher the salt leaching efficiency.Taking into account the goals of water conservation,moisture retention and salt leaching comprehensively,the suitable autumn irrigation quota for wheat planting is 2 100 m3/hm2,and for corn planting,it is 2 400 m3/hm2.
李亚平;王瑞萍;胡智远;夏玉红;敖云飞;黄永平
巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000
农业科技
河套灌区秋浇灌水定额土壤墒情土壤盐分
Hetao Irrigation Districtautumn irrigationirrigation quotasoil moisturesoil salinity
《节水灌溉》 2026 (5)
48-55,8
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项"揭榜挂帅"项目(2023JBGS0003-03)国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201205).
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