资源配置效率、市场失灵与广义外部性OACHSSCD

Western economics focuses on resource allocation under market mechanisms as its core research object,and there is a disconnection between theory and practice in its theoretical evolution process.Exploring the general laws that affect the efficiency of resource allocation is not only the key to bridging this disconnect but also an important foundation for promoting international recognition and application of Chinese economics.This paper systematically elucidates the operational mechanisms of major welfare economics theories within the general analytical framework of broad externality:(1)a perfectly price-discriminating monopoly achieves Pareto optimality by eliminating the broad externality arising from product pricing between producers and consumers;(2)a perfectly competitive market is achieved by leveraging the infinite broad externality generated by production or price competition among firms to achieve a Pareto optimal level of industry output;(3)there are various reasons that can trigger market failure,all of which lead to social welfare losses through broad externality.Broad externality represents an exploration of the general principles affecting resource allocation efficiency.China's successful experience with reform and opening up aligns with these general principles,demonstrating the flexible application of various resource allocation methods and approaches to addressing efficiency losses.