2023～2025年芜湖市市售果蔬中30种农药残留污染状况调查与分析OA
Investigation of the Pollution Status of 30 Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025
分析近3年芜湖市市售水果、蔬菜中30种农药残留量,评估经果蔬途径摄入农药的健康风险.参照食品安全风险监测方案,分别抽取芜湖市2023、2024和2025年市售蔬果类食品,共111份样品,参考2023、2024及2025年《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的检测方法.对样品中噻虫胺等30种农药含量进行检测,并采用风险商值HQ及累计暴露危害指数法HI对检出的农药残留进行膳食暴露风险评估,评价因膳食摄入对人体健康的风险.111份果蔬样品中,检出有农药残留的样品为74份,检出率为66.7％(74/111),其中2023年样本数为41份,检出率为70.7％(29/41);2024年样本数为30份,检出率为70.0％(21/30);2025年样本数为40份,检出率为60.0％(24/40).近3年监测的样品中,超标7份,超标率为6.31％(7/111).8大类蔬菜和5大类水果样品农药残留,检出率前3的是鲜豆类(100％)、柑橘类(100％)、叶菜类(88.9％);超标率前3的是根茎类(33.3％)、鲜豆类(25.0％)、鳞茎类和芸薹类(20.0％).此外,部分样品存在多种农药残留现象.111份果蔬样品中,有50份检出2种或2种以上农药残留,多残留率为45.0％(50/111).以暴露浓度最大值计算蔬菜中HQ,范围为0～2.59,以暴露浓度平均值计算蔬菜中HQ,范围为0～0.0378,HI为0.090.以暴露浓度最大值计算水果中HQ,范围为0～0.138,以暴露浓度平均值计算水果中HQ,范围为0～0.0073,HI为0.013.2023～2025年芜湖市市售果蔬农药残留总体上污染程度较轻,3年检出率呈下降趋势,但少数样品存在一定健康风险.
This study analyzed the levels of 30 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City over the past three years and assessed the health risks associated with pesticide intake through the consumption of these foods.A total of 111 samples of fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025 were collected.The detection method refers to the 2023,2024,and 2025 National Food Contaminants and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Work Manual.The levels of 30 pesticides,including clothianidin,were analyzed in the samples,and the Health Quotient(HQ)and Hazard Index(HI)methods were employed to assess dietary exposure risks and evaluate the risks to human health due to dietary intake.Among the 111 fruit and vegetable samples,74 contained pesticide residues,with a detection rate of 66.7％(74/111).Specifically,41 samples from 2023 had a pesticide detection rate of 70.7％(29/41);30 samples from 2024 had a pesticide detection rate of 70.0％(21/30);and 40 samples from 2025 had a pesticide detection rate of 60.0％(24/40).Among the samples monitored over the past three years,seven exceeded the allowable limits,representing an over-limit rate of 6.31％(7/111).In terms of pesticide residues in the eight major categories of vegetables and five major categories of fruits,the top three categories in terms of detection rate were fresh beans(100％),citrus fruits(100％),and leafy vegetables(88.9％);the top three categories in terms of over-limit rate were root vegetables(33.3％),fresh beans(25.0％),and bulbous and brassica vegetables(20.0％).In addition,some samples contained multiple pesticide residues.Among the 111 fruit and vegetable samples,50 contained two or more types of pesticide residues,with a multiresidue rate of 45.0％(50/111).When calculated based on the maximum exposure concentration and average exposure concentration in vegetables,the HQ ranged from 0 to 2.59 and from 0 to 0.0378(with an HI of 0.090),respectively.When the HQ in fruits was calculated based on the maximum exposure concentration and average exposure concentration,the range was 0～0.138 and 0～0.0073(with an HI of 0.013),respectively.Overall,the pollution levels of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025 were relatively low.The detection rate showed a downward trend over the three year period,but a few samples indicated health risks.
陶媛;胡美红;张菁;李勇竞
芜湖市疾病预防控制中心,安徽芜湖 241000芜湖市疾病预防控制中心,安徽芜湖 241000芜湖市疾病预防控制中心,安徽芜湖 241000芜湖市疾病预防控制中心,安徽芜湖 241000
化学化工
果蔬农药残留食品安全健康风险结果分析
fruits and vegetablespesticide residuesfood safetyhealth risksresult analysis
《化学试剂》 2026 (5)
62-67,6
芜湖市"十四五"医学重点专科项目(2021年).
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