香菇主要木霉病原菌的分离鉴定及5种植物精油抑菌效果研究OA

Trichoderma disease is one of the major biological stress factors restricting the development of the shiitake mushroom industry in Northwest China.To clarify the species composition of the pathogenic fungi and explore effective biological control measures,pathogenic Trichoderma strains were isolated from infected shiitake mushroom cultivation bags collected from greenhouses in Wuwei City,Gansu Province,and were identified through morphological observation and molecular analysis.In addition,the control effects of five plant essential oils(Magnolia officinalis,Sophora flavescens,Cnidium monnieri,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,and Coptis chinensis)at different volume fractions(0,0.125‰,0.250‰,0.500‰,and 1.000‰)against the pathogens were comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that the main pathogenic Trichoderma species responsible for large-scale contamination of cultivation bags were Trichoderma anaharzianum and Trichoderma lixii.Among the tested essential oils,Sophora flavescens essential oil exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on both pathogenic fungi.At a volume fraction of 1.000‰,mycelial growth and spore production of both Trichoderma species were completely inhibited,and the spore germination inhibition rates reached 93.73％and 97.17％,respectively.In addition,Magnolia officinalis essential oil also showed strong antifungal activity against both pathogens.At a volume fraction of 1.000‰,it achieved optimal efficacy,with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 94.91％and 94.01％,spore germination inhibition rates of 90.24％and 92.93％,respectively,and complete suppression of spore production.The other three essential oils(Cnidium monnieri,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,and Coptis chinensis)exhibited relatively low inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of the two Trichoderma species,but showed varying degrees of inhibition on spore germination and spore production.In conclusion,Sophora flavescens and Magnolia officinalis essential oils demonstrate the best overall efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth,spore germination,and spore production of pathogenic Trichoderma,and thus can be considered promising plant-derived antifungal agents for the green control of Trichoderma disease in shiitake mushroom cultivation.