生物炭与氮肥配施对福建烟区雪茄烟叶品质的影响OA
Effect of Combined Application of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Cigar Quality in Fujian Tobacco Area
为探究适宜福建省雪茄烟区烟叶种植的生物炭与氮肥配施方案,以海研101为供试材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区设置3个生物炭施用量水平(B1:0 kg/hm2;B2:2 250 kg/hm2;B3:4 500 kg/hm2),副区设置3个施氮量水平(T1:142.5 kg/hm2;T2:172.5 kg/hm2;T3:202.5 kg/hm2),共9个处理,通过测定雪茄烟叶成熟期生长指标以及发酵后的物理特性、化学成分及感官品质,系统评估生物炭与氮肥配施对雪茄烟叶品质与茄衣产出的影响.结果表明,随着生物炭施用量增加,雪茄烟株茎围、节距和最大叶宽增加,增幅分别为2.83％～15.08％、4.60％～4.98％、6.75％～12.53％;最大叶长降低,降幅为5.26％～8.17％;发酵后雪茄烟叶叶宽和叶厚增加,单叶质量和拉力下降;氯和钾含量增加,增幅分别为16.20％～32.80％、10.08％～14.60％;总糖和还原糖含量均表现为先上升后下降,B2处理相较于B1、B3处理分别提升101.33％、33.63％和263.73％、65.57％.随着施氮量增加,雪茄烟有效叶数、株高、茎围、最大叶宽增加,增幅分别为2.82％～8.20％、3.79％～4.82％、5.18％～6.14％、6.96％～9.40％;叶质重表现为先升高后降低;烟碱、氯、总氮、蛋白质含量均升高,增幅分别为5.74％～16.28％、10.09％～21.21％、6.76％～17.23％、14.63％～17.69％.主成分分析法综合评价及经济效益分析显示,B2T2处理综合得分0.536,茄衣产出率23.46％,经济效益15.66万元/hm²,均为各处理中最高.综上,在福建省雪茄烟区,2 250 kg/hm2生物炭与172.5 kg/hm2纯氮配施有利于获得较好的雪茄烟叶品质和茄衣产出.
To identify optimal technical schemes for the combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer in cigar-tobacco production in Fujian Province,the cigar tobacco cultivar Haiyan 101 was used as the test material.A two-factor split-plot design was employed,with biochar rate as the main-plot factor at three levels(B1:0 kg/ha;B2:2 250 kg/ha;B3:4 500 kg/ha)and nitrogen rate as the subplot factor at three levels(T1:142.5 kg/ha;T2:172.5 kg/ha;T3:202.5 kg/ha),resulting in nine treatments.Growth traits at maturity and the physical properties,chemical composition,and sensory quality of fermented leaves were determined to systematically evaluate the effects of biochar-nitrogen interactions on cigar-tobacco quality and wrapper-leaf yield.The results showed that increasing biochar rates led to gradual increases in stem girth,internode length,and maximum leaf width,with the increasements of 2.83％—15.08％,4.60％—4.98％,and 6.75％—12.53％,respectively,whereas maximum leaf length decreased slightly by 5.26％—8.17％.Leaf width and thickness increased,while single-leaf weight and tensile strength decreased.Chlorine and potassium contents increased by 16.20％—32.80％and 10.08％—14.60％,respectively.Total sugar and reducing sugar exhibited an increase-decrease pattern;compared with B1 and B3,B2 increased total sugar by 101.33％and 33.63％and increased reducing sugar by 263.73％and 65.57％,respectively.With the increase of nitrogen rate,the number of effective leaves,plant height,stem girth,and maximum leaf width increased by 2.82％—8.20％,3.79％—4.82％,5.18％—6.14％,and 6.96％—9.40％,respectively.Leaf weight per unit area first increased and then decreased.Contents of nicotine,chlorine,total nitrogen,and protein increased by 5.74％—16.28％,10.09％—21.21％,6.76％—17.23％,and 14.63％—17.69％,respectively.Comprehensive evaluation based on principal component analysis and economic assessment indicated that B2T2 achieved the highest overall score(0.536),wrapper-leaf yield(23.46％),and economic benefit(156 600 Yuan/ha)among all treatments.In conclusion,the combined application of 2 250 kg/ha biochar and 172.5 kg/ha nitrogen is favorable for improving cigar-tobacco leaf quality and increasing wrapper-leaf yield,and is therefore recommended for wider adoption in cigar-tobacco-growing areas of Fujian Province.
林卿;郭依典;许东升;谢海斌;刘冰洋;丁松爽;时向东;张凯
福建省烟草公司南平市公司,福建 南平 353000河南农业大学 烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046福建省烟草公司南平市公司,福建 南平 353000福建省烟草公司南平市公司,福建 南平 353000河南农业大学 烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046河南农业大学 烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046河南农业大学 烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046河南农业大学 烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046
农业科技
雪茄烟叶生物炭施氮量品质茄衣产出率
Cigar tobacco leafBiocharNitrogen application rateQualityWrapper yield
《河南农业科学》 2026 (4)
48-58,11
国家自然科学基金项目(32101851)福建省烟草公司南平市公司科技项目(2024350000240016)
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